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Hiper IgD syndrome (HIDS): clinical and genetic features in five patients
Pediatric Rheumatology volume 6, Article number: P199 (2008)
Introduction
The Hiper-IgD Syndrome (HIDS) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent febrile episodes each 4–8 weeks accompanied by an intense inflammatory reaction, lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, diarrhea, arthralgias, hepatosplenomegaly and cutaneous signs [1]. Mutations in the gene that codifies the enzyme mevalonate kinase (MVK), located in the chromosome 12q24, have been demonstrated to be the cause of this syndrome [2].
Objective
We describe the clinical and genetic findings of three families (five patients) with diagnosis of HIDS and confirmed mutational analysis.
Methods
We present a retrospective analysis of the patients and its genealogical tree. The mutational analysis was made by the service of Inmunology of the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona.
Results
Clinically the five patients presented the typical symptomatology with recurrent febrile episodes, intense abdominal pain (a case required several exploratory laparotomies), cervical lymphadenopathy, diarrhea and hepatosplenomegaly. One of the patients presented a chilotorax that resolved after discarding amiloidosis and initiating treatment. In all cases mutations I268T or V377I were detected. In two of the families, the parents demonstrated to be heterozygote carriers of one of the two found mutations.
All the patients have required steroids to high doses, nevertheless, three of the cases have developed steroid dependency with necessity of biological treatment with Anakinra, a recombinant, nonglycosylated synthetic form of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), Kineret®) that in last publications has demonstrated to be the election treatment since the Hiper IgD Syndrome is part of the autoinflammatory diseases in whose common pathogenic mechanism the IL-1 takes part.
References
Aróstegui JI, Yagüe J: Hereditary systemic autoinflammatory diseases. Hereditary periodic fever syndromes. Med Clin (Barc). 2007, 129 (7): 267-77. 10.1157/13108350.
Haas D, Hoffmann GF: Mevalonate kinase deficiencies: from mevalonic aciduria to hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006, 1: 13-10.1186/1750-1172-1-13.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Marco, A., Calvo, I., Lopez, B. et al. Hiper IgD syndrome (HIDS): clinical and genetic features in five patients. Pediatr Rheumatol 6 (Suppl 1), P199 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1546-0096-6-S1-P199
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1546-0096-6-S1-P199