Variable n (%), median (min-max), mean ± SD | Study sample (n = 68) | Musculoskeletal manifestations | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
With (n = 45) | Without (n = 23) | |||
Age, years  < 20  20–40  > 40 | 14 (5–62) 59 (86.8) 6 (8.8) 3 (4.4) | 15 (5–62) 36 (80) 6 (13.3) 3 (6.7) | 13 (8–19) 23 (100) 0 0 | 0.151 0.083 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male  Female | 23 (33.8) 45 (66.2) | 10 (22.2) 35 (77.8) | 13 (56.5) 10 (43.5) | 0.005* |
The survey completed by | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 The patient  The parent | 13 (19.1) 55 (80.9) | 11 (24.4) 34 (75.6) | 2 (8.7) 21 (91.3) | 0.192 |
Country | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 USA  UK  Others | 35 (51.5) 14 (20.6) 19 (27.9) | 21 (46.7) 11 (24.4) 13 (28.9) | 14 (60.9) 3 (13) 6 (26.1) | 0.449 |
Disease duration, years  < 5, n (%)  ≥ 5, n (%) | 4.75 (0.17-24) 34 (50) 34 (50) | 5 (0.17-24) 21 (46.7) 24 (53.3) | 4 (0.33-13) 13 (56.5) 10 (43.5) | 0.155 0.609 |
Number of bones affected by CNO  < 10, n (%)  ≥ 10, n (%) | 5 (1–24) 59 (86.8) 9 (13.2) | 5 (1–24) 37 (82.2) 8 (17.8) | 4 (1–18) 22 (95.7) 1 (4.3) | 0.282 0.153 |
Associated comorbid conditions  Psoriasis  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis  Inflammatory bowel disease  Others | 37 (54.4) 12 (17.6) 6 (8.8) 6 (8.8) 12 (17.6) | 28 (62.2) 11 (24.4) 5 (11.1) 6 (13.3) 8 (17.8) | 9 (39.1) 1 (4.3) 1 (4.3) 0 4 (17.4) | 0.070 0.048* 0.565 0.089 1 |
Treatments used for CNO disease | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Corticosteroids Bisphosphonates | 21 (30.9) 24 (35.3) | 17 (37.8) 21 (46.7) | 4 (17.4) 3 (13) | 0.085 0.006* |
cDMARDs | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Sulfasalazine  Methotrexate | 8 (11.8) 28 (41.2) | 5 (11.1) 22 (48.9) | 3 (13) 6 (26.1) | 0.815 0.071 |
bDMARDs | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Adalimumab  Etanercept  Infliximab  Golimumab  Certolizumab pegol  Abatacept  Tocilizumab | 9 (13.2) 7 (10.3) 11 (16.2) 3 (4.4) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) 2 (2.9) | 6 (13.3) 6 (13.3) 10 (22.2) 3 (6.7) 1 (2.2) 1 (2.2) 2 (4.4) | 3 (13) 1 (4.3) 1 (4.3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) | 0.973 0.249 0.058 0.205 0.471 0.471 0.305 |
Others | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 NSAIDs  Pain medications  Antibiotics  Physical therapy  Surgery  Radiation | 52 (76.5) 21 (30.9) 5 (7.4) 28 (41.2) 9 (13.2) 1 (1.5) | 34 (75.6) 19 (42.2) 5 (11.1) 20 (44.4) 7 (15.6) 1 (2.2) | 18 (78.3) 2 (8.7) 0 (0) 8 (34.8) 2 (8.7) 0 (0) | 0.804 0.005* 0.097 0.444 0.43 0.471 |