Table 1 Clinical features of enthesitis-related arthritis with C1-C2 subluxation
Patient / [Ref.] | Age (yr) at onset of C1-C2 subluxation / Gender | C1-C2 subluxation onset after initial disease presentation | History of (suspected) trauma | Laboratory examination | Involvement | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HLA-B27 | ANA | RF | CRP (mg/dL) | ESR (mm/hr) | |||||
1 / [12] | 9 / Male | > 3 months | None | + | - | - | None | Elevated | Arthritis with synovitis of right knee, left ankle and left elbow; iritis of left eye |
2 / [13] | 12 / Male | 8 months | None | + | - * | - | Normal | 75 | Left hip, left 5th metatarsal head |
3 / [14] | 12/ Female | 2 years | Previous chiropractic manipulation of cervical spine for pain | + | - | - | None | None | Right knee, left Achilles tendon, right mid-foot small joints, proximal interphalangeal joints |
4 / [13] | 13 / Male | 0 months † | None | + | - | - | None | 90 | Left knee, left SI joint, both Achilles tendons, left patellar tendon insertions to the patella and tibial tubercle, insertions of the plantar fascia to the calcaneum |
5 / [15] | 13 / Male | 1 year and 1 month | None | + | - | - | 1.5 | 64 | Both heels, left elbow |
6 / [16] | 13 / Male | 0 months † | None | + | - | - | None | None | Anterior uveitis with iridolenticular synechiae and band keratopathy |
7 / Present patient | 8 / Male | 6 months | Colliding with a classmate | + | - | - | 3.09 | 116 | Left heel, left big toe, right proximal interphalangeal joint of the ring finger |
8 / [17] | 7 / Female | 0 months † | None | - | - | - | Not mentioned at initial disease presentation | 30–40 | Both knees, both ankles, bilateral SI joints, lumbar spine |
9 / [18] | 11 / Male | 6 months | Subtalar subluxation resulting from a fall | + | - | - | None | 55 | Both knees, interphalangeal joint of left thumb, left SI joints |
10 / [19] | 15 / Male | 4 years | None | + | - | - | None | None | Both knees, bilateral SI joints, total spine ankylosis |
11 / [20] | 20 / Male | 8 years | None | - | - | - | None | 80 | Left knee, right Achilles tendon, right plantar fascia insertion, left shoulder, bilateral SI joints, uveitis |
12 / Present patient | 16 / Male | 1 year and 11 months | None | + | - | - | 0.46 | 11 | Bilateral SI joints, lumbar spine |