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Table 1 Presenting featuresa in children with juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIM) diagnosed prior to and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemicb

From: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the clinical presentation of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

Variable

Total

(n = 51)

Pre-pandemic (n = 38)

Post-pandemic (n = 13)

p-value

Diagnosis

   

0.52

 JDM

43 (84%)

33 (87%)

10 (77%)

 

 JPM

1 (2%)

1 (3%)

0 (0%)

 

 Overlap myositis

7 (14%)

4 (11%)

3 (23%)

 

Race

   

0.53

 White

10 (20%)

8 (21%)

2 (15%)

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

14 (27%)

10 (26%)

4 (31%)

 

 Hispanic

23 (45%)

18 (47%)

5 (38%)

 

 Asian

3 (6%)

1 (3%)

2 (15%)

 

 Other

1 (2%)

1 (3%)

0 (0%)

 

Sex

   

0.09

 Male

9 (18%)

9 (24%)

0 (0%)

 

 Female

42 (82%)

29 (76%)

13 (100%)

 

Age at symptom onset (years) (n = 43)

8.3 (3.4, 12.8)

7.8 (3.5, 11.5)

8.8 (3.4, 15.1)

0.44

Age at diagnosis (years)

8.1 (4.1, 12.2)

7.4 (4.1, 11.2)

9.3 (5.4, 15.4)

0.17

Time between symptom onset and diagnosis (months) (n = 44)

3.5 (2, 7.5)

4 (2,9)

2 (2,6)

0.41

Delay in diagnosis > 6 months (n = 44)

13 (30%)

11 (35%)

2 (15%)

0.28

Weaknessc

   

0.92

 None

7 (14%)

5 (13%)

2 (15%)

 

 Mild

13 (25%)

9 (24%)

4 (31%)

 

 Mild/moderate

12 (24%)

10 (26%)

2 (15%)

 

 Moderate

8 (16%)

5 (13%)

3 (23%)

 

 Moderate/severe

5 (10%)

4 (11%)

1 (8%)

 

 Severe

6 (12%)

5 (13%)

1 (8%)

 

CMAS (n = 33)

39 (27, 46)

39 (25, 46)

39 (37, 45)

0.97

Cutaneous manifestationsd

   

0.06

 Classic

40 (78%)

31 (82%)

9 (69%)

 

 Non-specific

4 (8%)

1 (3%)

3 (23%)

 

 None

7 (14%)

6 (16%)

1 (8%)

 

Constitutional symptoms (n = 46)

29 (63%)

20 (61%)

9 (69%)

0.74

Abnormal nailbed capillaries (n = 47)

42 (89%)

31 (89%)

11 (92%)

> 0.999

Cutaneous ulceration (n = 47)

13 (28%)

12 (35%)

1 (8%)

0.08

Raynaud’s (n = 46)

7 (15%)

6 (18%)

1 (8%)

0.65

Calcinosis (n = 50)

10 (20%)

7 (19%)

3 (23%)

0.71

Lipodystrophy

2 (4%)

2 (5%)

0 (0%)

> 0.999

GI involvement

4 (8%)

4 (11%)

0 (0%)

0.56

Cardiac involvement

2 (4%)

2 (5%)

0 (0%)

> 0.999

Pulmonary involvement (n = 50)

6 (12%)

6 (16%)

0 (0%)

0.32

Abnormal muscle enzymes (n = 48)

47 (98%)

35 (100%)

12 (92%)

0.27

Autoantibodies (n = 49)e

    

 None

11 (22%)

7 (19%)

4 (31%)

0.45

 Myositis-specific antibodies (MSA)

31 (63%)

24 (67%)

7 (54%)

0.51

  Anti-Jo

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

1 (8%)

0.27

  Anti-MDA5

9 (18%)

8 (22%)

1 (8%)

0.41

  Anti-NXP2

7 (14%)

6 (17%)

1 (8%)

0.66

  Anti-Mi2

6 (12%)

4 (67%)

2 (33%)

0.65

  Anti-PL-12

1 (2%)

1 (3%)

0 (0%)

> 0.999

  Anti-TIF1-γ

10 (20%)

8 (22%)

2 (15%)

0.71

 Myositis-associated antibodies (MAA)f

18 (37%)

13 (36%)

5 (38%)

> 0.999

 Otherg

7 (14%)

6 (17%)

1 (8%)

0.66

  1. Categorial values reported as n (%) and continuous variables as median (interquartile range). Non-parametric testing performed with Mann-Whitney U Test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables
  2. JDM: juvenile dermatomyositis, JPM: juvenile polymyositis, CMAS: Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale, GI: gastrointestinal
  3. aPresenting features defined as muscle weakness and cutaneous manifestations at diagnostic clinical visit; all other clinical features defined as present within first 6 months of diagnosis
  4. bPre-pandemic defined as diagnosed before January 1, 2020; post-pandemic defined as diagnosed on or after January 1, 2020
  5. cWeakness defined by CMAS, with none = 48-52, mild = 45–47, mild/moderate = 39–44, moderate = 30–38, moderate/severe = 16–29, severe = < 15; subjective assessment based on physical exam used when CMAS unavailable
  6. dClassic = Gottron’s papules, Gottron’s sign, Heliotrope rash; Non-specific = malar or facial erythema, linear extensor erythema, V sign, Shawl sign, non-sun exposed erythema, extensive cutaneous erythema, livedo reticularis, mucus membrane lesions, Mechanic’s hands, cuticular overgrowth, subcutaneous edema, panniculitis, alopecia
  7. eOf the 38 patients with autoantibodies present, 21 had 1 autoantibody, 13 had 2 autoantibodies, 4 had 3 autoantibodies
  8. fMAA = anti-RNP, anti-Ro
  9. gOther = anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, anti-rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), anti-Scl-70
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Pediatric Rheumatology

ISSN: 1546-0096