Table 1 Clinical characteristics of cSLE patients with normal growth and growth impairment (N = 106)
From: Long-term growth and final adult height outcome in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
All patients | Normal growth | Growth impairment | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 106 | n = 81 | n = 25 | ||
Patient characteristics | ||||
Male/Female, n (%) | 19/87 (18/82) | 9/72 (11/89) | 10/15 (40/60) | 0.002a |
Age at diagnosis (y) | 12.1 ± 2.3 | 12.2 ± 2.4 | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 0.122 |
Age at FAH (y) | 17.5 ± 1.9 | 17.5 ± 1.9 | 17.7 ± 1.5 | 0.553 |
Age at menarche/adult voice appearance (y) | 13.7 ± 1.6 | 13.6 ± 1.4 | 14.2 ± 1.9 | 0.084 |
Disease duration (y)c | 5.5 ± 2.7 | 5.2 ± 2.7 | 6.3 ± 2.5 | 0.063 |
Disease duration before menarche/adult voice appearance (y)b | 1.7 (0, 3.1) | 1.0 (0.0, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.4, 4.0) | 0.034a |
Cumulative Modified SLEDAI-2 K scoresb | 138.0 (72.0, 260.3) | 168.0 (73.5, 262.5) | 120.0 (69.0, 286.5) | 0.766 |
Clinical manifestations at diagnosis | ||||
Modified SLEDAI-2 K score | 16.0 ± 10.6 | 15.5 ± 10.7 | 17.6 ± 10.6 | 0.721 |
Neurological, n (%) | 32 (30.2) | 24 (29.6) | 8 (32.0) | 0.821 |
All renal involvement, n (%) | 68 (64.2) | 51 (63.0) | 17 (68.0) | 0.646 |
Lupus nephritis class III, IV, V, n (%) | 37 (34.9) | 29 (35.8) | 8 (32.0) | 0.727 |
Musculoskeletal, n (%) | 55 (51.9) | 42 (51.9) | 13 (52.0) | 0.990 |
Hematological, n (%) | 47 (44.3) | 37 (45.7) | 10 (40.0) | 0.617 |
Anthropometric data at diagnosis and at FAH attainment | ||||
Weight at diagnosis (Z-score)b | − 0.1 (− 0.8, 1.0) | 0.2 (− 0.8, 1.4) | − 0.5 (− 1.0, 0.6) | 0.125 |
Weight at FAH (Z-score)b | 1.5 (−0.7, 3.0) | 1.3 (−0.5, 3.6) | − 0.4 (− 1.4, 1.8) | 0.015a |
Height at diagnosis (Z-score)b | −0.3 (−1.0, 0.7) | −0.1 (− 0.8, 0.7) | − 0.6 (− 1.8, 0.2) | 0.029a |
Final height (Z-score)b | −0.1 (−1.3, 0.4) | 0.04 (− 0.8, 0.7) | − 1.7 (−2.7, − 0.9) | < 0.001a |
BMI at diagnosis, (kg/m2) (Z-score)b | −0.4 (−1.3, 1.0) | −0.2 (−1.3, 1.0) | 2.0 (−1.3, 0.9) | 0.204 |
BMI at FAH (kg/m2) (Z-score)b | −0.3 (− 0.7, 1.5) | 0.5 (− 0.8, 1.6) | 0.09 (− 0.6, 1.0) | 0.634 |
Parent adjusted FAH (Z-score)b | −0.3 (−1.5, 0.2) | 0.0 (−0.5, 0.4) | −2.3 (−2.7, −1.9) | < 0.001a |
Difference between FAH and MPH (cm)b | −1.6 (−7.1, 0.9) | 0.0 (−2.7, 2.1) | −11.7 (− 13.3, −9.5) | < 0.001a |
Laboratory data at diagnosis | ||||
Hematocrit (%) | 30.0 ± 6.9 | 29.7 ± 7.2 | 30.8 ± 6.0 | 0.559 |
White blood cell count (× 103 cells/mm3)b | 4.7 (3.3, 6.9) | 4.7 (3.3, 6.5) | 4.8 (3.4, 8.1) | 0.809 |
Absolute lymphocyte count (× 103 cells/mm3)b | 1.4 (1.0, 2.2) | 1.3 (1.1, 2.1) | 1.6 (0.9, 2.2) | 0.710 |
Platelet count (×103 cells/mm3)b | 215.0 (114.0, 297.3) | 212.0 (103.8, 293.0) | 241.0 (122.5, 305.5) | 0.554 |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h)b | 56.0 (26.0, 83.3) | 57.0 (25.0, 85.5) | 53.0 (27.0, 79.5) | 0.498 |
Anti-dsDNA (IU/mL)b,d | 234.2 (97.4, 562.5) | 271.9 (101.6, 577.2) | 229.3 (70.2, 345.9) | 0.510 |
C3 levels (0.9–1.8 g/L)b | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.0) | 0.291 |
C4 levels (0.1–0.4 g/L)b | 0.07 (0.05, 0.2) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.2) | 0.12 (0.06, 0.2) | 0.092 |
25-OH vitamin D levels (ng/mL)e | 33.78 ± 8.34 | 33.42 ± 7.14 | 34.93 ± 11.44 | 0.441 |
Medications | ||||
Prednisolone, n (%) | 106 (100%) | 81 (100%) | 25 (100%) | – |
Cumulative corticosteroid dose (mg/kg)f | 536.3 ± 346.1 | 541.8 ± 377.9 | 518.5 ± 217.9 | 0.708 |
Cyclophosphamide, n (%) | 48 (45.3) | 35 (43.2) | 13 (52.0) | 0.440 |
Cumulative cyclophosphamide (×103 mg/m2)b | 5.7 (4.2, 7.6) | 5.6 (4.2, 7.6) | 5.9 (3.8, 7.8) | 0.721 |
Other medications, n (%) | 68 (64.2) | 51 (63.0) | 17 (68.0) | 0.646 |
–Azathioprine | 59 (55.7) | 46 (56.8) | 17 (68.0) | 0.318 |
–Mycophenolate mofetil | 22 (20.8) | 19 (23.5) | 3 (12.0) | 0.217 |
–Cyclosporine | 4 (3.8) | 4 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 0.571 |
–Methotrexate | 16 (15.1) | 9 (11.1) | 7 (28.0) | 0.055 |