The spectrum of pediatric amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome

Table 4 Demographic, clinical and psychological characteristics based on intermittent versus constant pain among (N = 604*)

Variables median (IQR)	Constant pain (N = 487)	Intermittent pain (N = 117)	P-value^†
Demographics and Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Measures
Age	14 (13–16)	13 (11–15)	< 0.001^Ɨ
Sex, Female	89 (18%)	30 (26%)	0.07
Duration of pain (months)	18 (8–36)	24 (10–48)	0.04 ^Ɨ
Current pain (0–10)	6 (4–8)	0 (0–2)	< 0.0001 ^Ɨ
Most pain (0–10)	10 (9–10)	9 (8–10)	< 0.001 ^Ɨ
Least pain (0–10)	4 (2–6)	0 (0–0)	< 0.0001 ^Ɨ
Patient FDI (0–60)	25 (17–32)	13 (7–21)	< 0.0001 ^Ɨ
SSS	6 (4–8)	4 (2–6)	< 0.0001 ^Ɨ
Autonomic changes^§, Yes	69 (14%)	12 (10%)	0.26
WPI	6 (2–11)	4 (1–9)	0.03 ^Ɨ
History of trigger event	145 (30%)	25 (21%)	0.07
Attend School	248 (51%)	75 (64%)	0.01 ^Ɨ
Patient Reported Psychological Problems^¶
Anxiety	234 (48%)	40 (34%)	0.01 ^Ɨ
Depression	140 (29%)	26 (22%)	0.15
Suicidal Ideation	100 (21%)	14 (12%)	0.03 ^Ɨ
Previous outpatient mental health care	332 (68%)	69 (59%)	0.06
Previous psychiatric hospitalization	30 (6%)	2 (2%)	0.06
Pain Diagnosis
Diffuse AMPS	301 (62%)	68 (58%)	0.46
Limited AMPS	186 (38%)	49 (42%)	0.46

Abbreviations: N number of subjects, IQR Interquartile Range, FDI Functional Disability Index, WPI Widespread Pain Index, SSS Symptom Severity Score
Missing data: current pain (1), most pain (3), least pain (1), FDI patient (8), FDI parent (10), WPI (53), SSS (53)
^*We eliminated the 26 subjects who reported both constant and intermittent pain and 6 subjects with no pain
^†P-value statistically significant if < 0.05
^¶Subjects could report more than one
^§Autonomic changes categories: subjects could report or demonstrate an autonomic change (including temperature change, cyanosis, edema) in > 1 category

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