Homocysteine, folate, hs-C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha and inflammatory proteins: are these biomarkers related to nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus?

Table 1 Anthropometric and biochemical parameters in pediatric childhood-onset SLE subjects and in healthy controls

Variables	SLE Group (n = 19)	Control Group (n = 38)	p
BMI (kg/m²)^a	24.6 (18.45–40.0)	20.83 (15.96–31.24)	0.001**
WC (cm)^a	79.66 ± 8.94	72.25 ± 7.88	0.001**
Folate (ng/L)^c	12.16 (5.8–19.25)	13.91 (10.4–26.2)	0.033*
Homocysteine (mmol/L)^b	8.62 ± 2.36	7.29 ± 1.80	0.019*
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)^c	160.73 ± 42.76	152.75 ± 31.57	0.122
HDL (mg/dL)^c	37.58 (27.0–61.0)	44.14 (25.0–99.0)	0.088
LDL (mg/dL)^c	97.26 ± 26.16	89.75 ± 27.18	0.320
Triglycerides (mg/dL)^c	152.42 (31.0–725.0)	88.16 (25.0–226.0)	0.003**
TNF - α (pg/mL)^c	8.65 ± 2.55	7.04 ± 2.39	0.002**
hs-CRP (mg/L)^c	4.41 (0.3–17.0)	0.84 (0.3–4.6)	0.000**

*p < 0.05; post hoc Bonferroni **p < 0.005
Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The difference between means was calculated by ANCOVA adjusted by: age^a; age, BMI and cyanocobalamin intake^b; age and BMI^c
BMI = Body Mass Index, WC Waist Circumference, HDL High Density Lipoprotein, LDL = Low Density Lipoprotein, TNF – α Tumor Necrosis Factor – α, Hs-CRP high sensitive C- reactive protein

ISSN: 1546-0096