From: Gut microbiota-host interactions and juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Study | Antibiotic | Patient population | Comparison Group | Habitat | Method of assessment | Duration of follow-up | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
De la Cochetiere (2005) [72] | Amoxicillin x 5Â days | 6 adults | None | Feces | TTGE of 16S rDNA amplicons | Two months | After two months, profiles were >90Â % similar to baseline in 5/6 subjects. |
Dethlefsen 2011 [28] | Two courses of ciprofloxacin x 5Â days | 3 adults | None | Feces | Sequencing of 16S rDNA | 10Â months | Altered community composition in 3/3, although there was more variability between subjects vs before and after abx. |
Dethlefsen 2008 [73] | One course of ciprofloxacin x 5Â days | 3 adults | None | Feces | Sequencing of 16S rDNA | 30Â days | Samples returned to baseline at the community level after 30Â days, although individual taxa failed to recover. |
Fouhy 2012a [74] | One course of ampicillin and gentamycin | 9 full-term neonates under age 2Â days | 9 full-term neonates | Feces | Sequencing of 16S rDNA | 8Â weeks | Decreased evenness and richness; alterations in multiple genera. Of note, 9/9 controls but only 4/9 patients were delivered vaginally |
Jakobsson 2010 [75] | One course of metronidazole and clarithromycin x 7Â days | 3 adults | 3 adults | Throat and feces | Sequencing of 16S rDNA and T-RFLP | 4Â years | General recovery of loss of diversity in both habitats. However, long-lasting effects at the taxonomic level were seen, particularly in the throat. |
Jernberg 2007 [27] | One course of clindamycin x 7Â days | 4 adults | 4 adults | Feces | T-RFLP and rep-PCR on Bacteroides | 2Â years | Decreased number of bacteroides clonal types in exposed subjects |
Lode 2001b [76] | Linezolid x 7Â days | 12 adults | None | Feces | Culture and identification | 35Â days | No lasting effect |
Lode 2001b [76] | Amoxicillin / clav x 7Â days | 12 adults | None | Feces | Culture and identification | 35Â days | No lasting effect |
Mangin 2012 [77] | Amoxicillin / clav x 5Â days | 18 adult men | None | Feces | qPCR for Bifidobacterium and PCR-TTGE | 64Â days | No difference in total bifidobacteria; however, similarity to baseline dropped to 50Â % rapidly and never reached 60Â %. |
Savino 2011 [78] | Ceftriaxone x 5Â days | 26 full-term breast-fed infants | None | Feces | Culture | 20Â days | No changes noted in counts of enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, lactobacilli, or total bacteria |
Vervoort 2015c [79] | Nitrofurantoin x 3 – 15 days | Five or eight subjects | Four or five subjects | Feces | Sequencing of 16S rDNA | 28 days | Only transient differences in the frequency of the phyla. |