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Linear scleroderma en coup the sabre, progressive facial hemiatrophy and Rasmussen encephalitis : a single disease spectrum?
Pediatric Rheumatology volume 9, Article number: P79 (2011)
Background
Progressive hemifacial atrophy (PFH) and linear scleroderma en coup de sabre (LSCS) may be accompanied by neurologic symptoms and other extra-cutaneous manifestations.
Aim
To investigate and compare clinical/immune characteristics of patients with LSCS and PFH.
Methods
Retrospective study of 12 patients presenting at 2 pediatric dermatology clinics with linear scleroderma and/or hemifacial atrophy
Results
9 patients presented with LSCS, followed in 5 of them by progressive hemifacial atrophy (PFH) within 2 years. 3 patients presented with PFH, all 3 had additional scleroderma lesions. Their median(range) age at presentation was 8(4-17)yrs.
Extracutaneous manifestations were equally found in LSCS and PFH+LSCS patients. They comprised asymmetry of tooth arches/missing teeth(1), ophthalmologic problems (eyelid ptosis, enophtalmia, bilateral anterior uveitis and renal papillary asymmetry)(4), epileptic seizures with hyperintense signals on MRI and hypoperfusion on SPECT in 1 LSCS (fig) and 1 PFH patient, severe migraine attacks(2), polyarthritis(2), vitiligo(1), celiac disease(1).
ANA were found in 3 LSCS, 2 PFH+LSCS patients. Distinct oligoclonal IgG bands were found in CSF (not in blood) in patients with PFH and seizures. A skin biopsy in a PFH lesion showed fibrosis associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate, IgM and IgG deposits. A brain biopsy in one PFH patient with epilepsy was consistent with Rasmussen encephalitis.
In patients with severe skin +- neurological lesions, treatment with steroids/high-dose MTX resulted in improvement/stabilization of clinical and MRI abnormalities
Conclusion
Our case series endorses the concept of a single disease spectrum encompassing LSCS and PFH, with a common immune-inflammatory pathogenesis. A possible relationship with RE is suggested as well.

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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Morren, M., Despontin, C. & Wouters, C. Linear scleroderma en coup the sabre, progressive facial hemiatrophy and Rasmussen encephalitis : a single disease spectrum?. Pediatr Rheumatol 9 (Suppl 1), P79 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1546-0096-9-S1-P79
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1546-0096-9-S1-P79