Table 4 Frequency of damage in the 12 organ systems/domains and the 41 items of the SDI, in our study group, with comparison with the 2 other cohorts
From: Damage index in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Egypt
Item | Percentage For our Egyptian study group 2012 | Percentage For Brunner HI et al, pediatric study group 2008[24] | Percentage for Gutiérrez etal, study group 2006[20] |
|---|---|---|---|
Ocular | 6.1% | 42.4% | 8.2% |
Cataract | 3.4% | 42.4 | |
Retinal change or optic atrophy | 2.7% | ||
Neuropsychiatric | 21% | 12.1% | 10.7% |
Cognitive impairment or major psychosis | 8.8% | ||
Seizures requiring therapy for 6 months | 9.5% | ||
Cerebrovascular accident | 2.7% | ||
Cranial or peripheral neuropathy (excluding optic) | 0% | ||
Transverse myelitis | 0% | ||
Renal | 16.9% | 9.1% | 13% |
Estimated or measured glomerular filtration rate < 50% | 5.4% | ||
Proteinuria ≥ 3.5 gm/24 hours | 6.1% | ||
End-stage renal disease | 5.4% | ||
Pulmonary | 6.1% | 3% | 1.8% |
Pulmonary hypertension | 4.7% | ||
Pulmonary fibrosis | 1.4% | ||
Shrinking lung | 0% | ||
Pleural fibrosis | 0% | ||
Pulmonary infarction or lung resection not for malignancy | 0% | ||
Cardiovascular | 11.5% | 1.5% | 3% |
Angina or coronary artery bypass | 0% | ||
Myocardial infarction | 0% | ||
Cardiomyopathy | 2% | ||
Valvular disease | 7.4% | ||
Pericarditis for 6 months or pericardiectomy | 3.4% | ||
Peripheral vascular | (4.8%) | 3% | 4.8% |
Claudication for 6 months | 0% | ||
Minor tissue loss | 1.4% | ||
Significant tissue loss | 1.4% | ||
Venous thrombosis with swelling ulceration or venous stasis | 2% | ||
Gastrointestinal | 0.7% | 3% | 2.2% |
Infarction or resection of bowel, spleen, liver, or gall bladder | 0.7% | ||
Mesenteric insufficiency | 0% | ||
Chronic peritonitis | 0.7% | ||
Stricture or upper gastrointestinal tract surgery | 0% | ||
Pancreatic insufficiency requiring enzyme replacement or with pseudo cyst | 0% | ||
Musculoskeletal | 3.4% | 16% | 10.7% |
Muscle atrophy or weakness | 0% | ||
Deforming or erosive arthritis | 0% | ||
Osteoporosis with fracture or vertebral collapse | 1.4% | ||
Avascular necrosis | 1.4% | ||
Osteomyelitis | 0.7% | ||
Ruptured tendons | 0% | ||
Skin | 9.5% | 5% | 6.7% |
Scarring chronic alopecia | 6.1% | ||
Extensive scarring or panniculum other than scalp and pulp space | 1.4% | ||
Skin ulceration (excluding thrombosis) for more than 6 months | 2% | ||
Premature gonadal failure | 0% | 2.9% | |
Diabetes | 1.4% | 3% | 0.4% |
Malignancy | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Growth failure | 28.3% | 15.3% | |
Delayed puberty | 15.1% | 11.3% |