Table 1 Etiology of Osteoporosis in Children.
From: Osteoporosis in children: pediatric and pediatric rheumatology perspective: a review
Primary bone disorders | Chronic inflammatory diseases |
|---|---|
Osteogenesis imperfecta | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma syndrome | Dermatomyositis |
Homocystinuria | Inflammatory bowel disease |
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type I) | Nephrotic syndrome |
Marfan syndrome | Immobility or decreased activity |
GSD type 1 | Post trauma |
Juvenile/Early-onset Paget's disease | Cerebral palsy |
Catabolic state/Inadequate nutrition/Malabsorption | Spinal muscular atrophy, Muscular dystrophy |
Vitamin D deficiency | Medications |
Malignancy - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Lymphoma | Anticonvulsant, Glucocorticosteroids, Heparin, Methotrexate (in oncology doses) |
Cystic fibrosis | Endocrine disorders |
Psychiatric eating disorders - Anorexia nervosa/Bulimia | Hypogonadism - Gonadal dysgenesis |
Chronic malabsorption (e.g. Celiac disease) | Hyperthyroidism |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | Cushing syndrome |
Female athlete triad disorder | Growth hormone deficiency |
| Â | Delayed puberty |