Table 1 Prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) radiographic damage, symptoms, and physical exam findings in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): results from selected studies.
Reference | Study Sample | Inclusion Criteria* & Study Design | JIA Type‡ | Imaging Modality | TMJ Damage** | TMJ Symptoms | Abnormal TMJ Exam |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[9] | N: 249 Female: 66% | - Suspected TMJ involvement - Cross-sectional | NA | OPT | Overall 28.9% Female 75% | 10.8% | < 40% |
[12] | N: 20 Female: 95% Mean age: 24.5 years Mean age JIA onset: 5.3 years | - Micrognathia - Cross-sectional | Multiple | OPT | 75% (defined as complete resorption of the condylar head) | 65% (at anytime during JIA course) | 55% |
[16] | N: 15 Mean age: 12 years | - JIA duration ≤ 3 years; Age ≥ 8 years - Prospective cohort | NA | OPT; MRI with gadolinium | 87% (MRI) 40% (OPT) | 3.5% | 60% |
[4] | N: 169 Female: 67% female Mean age: 9.8 years Mean age disease onset: 5.4 years | - Consecutive referrals to an orthodontic clinic - Cross-sectional | Multiple | OPT | Female 73.3% Polyarticular 65.8% Oligoarticular 44.5% Systemic 42.9% ANA+ 55.1% HLA-B27+ 38.5% | NA | NA |
[10] | N: 97 Female: 62% | - Routine referrals to an orthodontic clinic - Cross-sectional | Multiple | OPT | 47% Oligoarticular 39% RF-polyarticular 59% RF+ polyarticlar 33% Systemic 67% Enthesitis related arthritis 13% Psoriatic 33% Other 50% | 9–18% | 16–39% |
[6] | N: 46 Female: 63% Median age: 9.33 years | - Consecutive children consented to OPT - Cross-sectional | Multiple | OPT | 78% | 70% (signs symptoms reported together) | NA |
[15] | N: 66; Female: 59.1% Mean age: 11.9 years | - Inclusion criteria NA - Cross-sectional | Oligoarticular Polyarticular | OPT | Polyarticular 75%, Oligoarticular 20% | NA | NA |
[17] | N: 46 Female: 59% Median age: 12.7 years Median age JIA onset: 4.5 years | - Inclusion criteria NA - Cross-sectional | Oligoarticular Polyarticular Systemic (polyarticular course) | MRI with gadolinium | 32% (abnormal condyle) 45% (pannus) | 5.5–8.3% | 9% (decreased mouth opening) |
[18] | N: 32 Female: 78% female Mean age: 8.6 years | - Newly diagnosed JIA - Cross-sectional | Multiple | MRI with gadolinium | 75% (effusion or synovial thickening) 69% (condylar changes) 53% (both) | 19% | 41% |