Table 1 Differential diagnosis of chorea in pediatric age

Central nervous system infections

Herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, paramyxovirus (measles), HIV, lyme disease, mycoplasma

Autoimmune

Sydenham chorea, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, Neuro-Behcet, primary central nervous system vasculitis

Neurodegenerative, metabolic, genetic

Huntington’s disease, Phenylketonuria, Wilson disease, mitochondrial pathologies

Vascular

Stroke, post-cardiac transplant, arteriovenous malformation, moya-moya disease

Endocrinological

Hyperthyroidism

Toxic

Anticholinergic toxicity, dopamine antagonists, carbon monoxide, neuroleptic drugs.