From: Gut microbiota-host interactions and juvenile idiopathic arthritis
 | Horton et al. | Arvonen et al. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | Finland | |||
Cases = 152, Controls = 1520 | Cases = 1298, Controls = 5179 | |||
Risk of later development of JIA after exposure to | OR (95Â % CI)a | P | OR (95Â % CI)b | P |
Any antibiotics | 2.1 (1.2 to 3.5) | 0 .007 | 1.6 (1.3 to 1.9) | <0.001 |
Anaerobic antibiotics onlyc | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.6) | 0.040 | 1.3 (1.04 to 1.7) | 0.021 |
Non-anti-anaerobic onlyc | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3) | 0.009 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 0.216 |
Both non-anti-anaerobic and anti-anaerobic antibioticsc | NA | NA | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | <0.001 |
Dose response | yes | Â | yes | Â |