Depression and anxiety and their association with healthcare utilization in pediatric lupus and mixed connective tissue disease patients: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Results of the unadjusted and adjusted negative binomial regression analyses of healthcare utilization on anxiety

Outcome	Unadjusted analysis			Adjusted analysis
	Average utilization per person-year, number (95% CI)		IRR (95% CI) p-value	Average utilization per person-year, number (95% CI)		IRR (95% CI) p-value
	Positive anxiety	Negative anxiety	IRR (95% CI) p-value	Positive anxiety	Negative anxiety	IRR (95% CI) p-value
Outpatient visits	8.2 (6.1-11.0)	7.9 (6.7-9.3)	1.03 (0.74-1.44) 0.84	11.4 (7.4-17.7)	10.0 (7.6-13.3)	1.14 (0.82-1.59) 0.45
Hospitalizations	0.2 (0.02-2.9)	0.3 (0.1-1.2)	0.70 (0.04-12.5) 0.81	5.8 (0.2-147.3)	1.1 (0.2-5.2)	5.1 (0.3-88.7) 0.26
Phone consultations	2.3 (1.2-4.7)	1.6 (1.1-2.4)	1.44 (0.64-3.22) 0.38	4.9 (1.7-14)	2.7 (1.4-5.3)	1.84 (0.8-4.1) 0.14

Estimates of healthcare utilization by anxiety status from negative binomial regression analysis models are shown. Multivariable analyses include education level as a covariate, and standardized estimates are presented for subjects with highest household education level of college and above.

ISSN: 1546-0096