Source | Age (years) | Sex | Fever (Days) | Initial additional presentation | Antibiotics | Radiological findings | Surgical findings | Echocardiography | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pontell 1994 [10] | 5 | M | 1 | Left neck pain, stiffness | Yes | A 3-cm hypodense retropharyngeal lesion without peripheral enhancement | Normal pharynx | Small pericardial effusion |
2 | Park 1997 [3] | 4.5 | M | 7 | Acute otitis media, torticollis, neck mass | Yes | Left retropharyngeal mass extending laterally into the neck; several small areas of hypolucency within the mass and associated ring enhancement | Not done | Normal |
3 | McLaughlin 1998 [11] | 4 | M | 2 | Neck swelling, torticollis | Yes | Extensive retropharyngeal edema crossing the midline and extending from the level of nasopharynx inferior to thoracic inlet | Not done | Normal |
4 | Rook 1999 [12] | 4 | M | sore throat, drooling | yes | Retropharyngeal abscess | Not done | Normal | |
5 | Homicz 2000 [13] | 6 | F | 2 | Anterior neck pain, torticollis, odynophagia | Yes | A 2.8-cm low-density mass without enhancement in the retropharyngeal space | No abscess found | Normal |
6 | Gross 2001 [14] | 9 | M | 7 | Torticollis, headache | Yes | Retropharyngeal soft tissue swelling without enhancement | No fluid collection | Normal |
7 | Miao-Chiu Hung 2006 [9] | 2.4 | M | 2 | Irritability, neck swelling | Yes | Ill-defined low-density lesions in bilateral aspects of the retropharyngeal space around the level of the oropharynx | Not done | Normal |
8 | Langley 2008 [15] | 3 | M | 3 | Right sided neck swelling | Yes | Edema and inflammatory changes in the retropharyngeal space with associated right cervical adenitis | Not done | A small left coronary artery aneurysm |
9 | Ganesh 2008 [16] | 8 | M | 1 | Left neck pain, torticollis, trismus | Yes | Ill-defined hypodense lesion extending from the C2-C6 vertebral level in the posterior pharyngeal space with no contrast enhancement | 2 ml pus, sterile cultures | Fusiform aneurysm of the proximal and mid right coronary artery 6.5 × 6 mm |
10 | Choi,2010 [2] | 3 | M | 5 | Bilateral conjunctival injection, left neck pain | Yes | Low density lesion with an irregular thick wall in the left lateral node, suggesting an abscess, and multiple lymph node enlargements in the left posterior cervical space | Purulent fluid collected | Initial- perivascular brightness around both coronary arteries Repeated—showed mild dilation of the left main coronary artery (2.5 mm) |
11 | MacHaira 2012 [4] | 1.3 | M | 1 | odynophagia, torticollis, irritability | Yes | A hypodense lesion extending from C2 to C6 vertebral level in the posterior pharyngeal space and narrowing of the upper respiratory tract | Not done | Normal |
12 | Kritsaneepaiboon 2012; [7] | 10 | F | 5 | Irritability, Neck swelling | Yes | Bilateral cervical lymphadenopathies and retropharyngeal low-attenuation area with a mildly enhancing rim which extended to the bilateral posterior cervical spaces and downward to the thoracic inlet level | 0.5 ml of serosanguinous fluid | Perivascular brightening and cuffing of right coronary artery and inner wall irregularity of left anterior descending artery |
13 | Kritsaneepaiboon 2012; [7] | 11 | M | 4 | torticollis | Not documented | A low-attenuation area without contrast rim enhancement at the retropharyngeal space with extension into bilateral parapharyngeal spaces and posterior cervical spaces down to the level of C5 | Not done | Pericardial effusion |
14 | Aldemir-Kocabaş 2014 [8] | 9 | M | 7 | Sore throat, left-sided neck swelling | Yes | Prevertebral hypodense soft tissue compatible with abscess formation, extending from C2 to C5 cervical vertebrae, and deep cervical–retropharyngeal necrotic lymphadenopathy left to midline | Not done | Normal |
15 | Connell 2018; [3] | 14 | M | Odynophagia, drooling, neck swelling | Yes | A 31 × 24 mm soft tissue mass arising from the left palatine tonsil fossa with an area of central low attenuation. There was a large 3 × 3 cm lymph node anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle | Not done | Initial- prominent and irregular left main coronary artery The RCA was diffusely dilated and irregular, up to 5.4 mm Repeated- persistent diffusely dilated RCA up to 5 mm | |
16 | Chiara 2019 [1] | 4 | M | 3 | Neck pain with right cervical swelling | Yes | Multiple right side lymph nodes with a tendency towards confluence and an infiltration with intense enhancement of the sternocleidomastoid, parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal tissues with preserved respiratory space | Not done | Normal |
17 | Present 2019 | 8 | F | 2 | Pain, swelling and redness at left cervical area | Yes | Swelling at the left retropharyngeal region with a hypodense lesion up to 45 mm with multiple enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes | A little serous fluid | Normal |