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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of subsequent LN

From: Risk factors for subsequent lupus nephritis in patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cohort study

Variables

Univariate Model

Adjusted Model

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Female

2.31 (0.51–10.38)

0.276

 

Age at SLE diagnosis (yrs)

0.97 (0.82–1.14)

0.692

Clinical manifestations (at SLE diagnosis)

 Malar rash

0.90 (0.37–2.22)

0.821

 Discoid rash

0.15 (0.02–1.09)

0.061

 Photosensitivity

0.95 (0.34–2.65)

0.926

 Oral ulcer

1.64 (0.66–4.08)

0.290

 Arthritis

1.52 (0.58–3.98)

0.393

 Serositis

1.98 (0.71–5.50)

0.193

 CNS involvement

1.61 (0.21–12.44)

0.651

 Haematology

1.12 (0.43–2.93)

0.818

 Hepatitis

0.56 (0.15–2.06)

0.377

 Leukopeniaa

0.91 (0.25–3.45)

0.930

 Lymphopeniab

1.67 (0.54–5.14)

0.373

 Thrombocytopeniac

1.26 (0.35–4.60)

0.726

During the period of follow up

 dRVVT ever positive

1.30 (0.48–3.55)

0.604

 Average (anti-dsDNA antibody/100) (IU/ml)

1.37 (1.16–1.63)

 < 0.001

1.289 (1.06–1.57)

0.013

 Average C3 (mg/dL)

0.95 (0.92–0.98)

 < 0.001

0.971 (0.93–1.01)

0.145

 Average C4 (mg/dL)

0.89 (0.80–0.99)

0.029

0.972 (0.86–1.10)

0.663

 Average ESR (mm/hr)

1.02 (1.01–1.04)

0.011

1.022 (1.00–1.04)

0.045

 Accumulated steroid dose (mg/day)

1.15 (1.05–1.26)

0.004

1.001 (0.88–1.14)

0.985

 HCQ

1.0 (0–911,390.05)

1

 

 CsA

1.33 (0.53–3.34)

0.545

 MTX

2.27 (0.75–6.88)

0.147

 MMF

1.06 (0.43–2.61)

0.901

 AZA

0.94 (0.39–2.27)

0.891

  1. ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HCQ Hydroxychloroquine, MTX Methotrexate, CsA Cyclosporin, AZA Azathioprine, MMF Mycophenolate mofetil
  2. aLeukopenia was defined as white blood cell count < 4000/ µL
  3. bLymphopenia was defined as absolute lymphocyte count < 1500/ µL
  4. cThrombocytopenia was defined as Platelet count < 100,000/ µL