Exploring the intersection of adverse childhood experiences, pediatric chronic pain, and rheumatic disease

Table 3 Bivariate Linear Regression Model for Functional Disability reported by Youth with Chronic Pain (N = 412)

No ACEs	β Estimates	95% Confidence Interval		P-value
No ACEs	Ref	Ref	Ref	–
1 ACE	− 1.02	−3.97	1.92	0.49
≥2 ACEs	2.28	−0.96	5.53	0.17
Verbal pain score(0–10)	1.92	1.55	2.29	<.0001
WPI (0–19)	0.67	0.47	0.87	<.0001
SSS (0–12)	2.26	1.95	2.56	<.0001
Duration of symptoms (months)	−0.03	−0.08	0.01	0.13
Autonomic Changes	4.97	2.32	7.63	<.001
History of Mental Health conditions^¶	4.62	1.72	7.52	< 0.01
Number of Co-morbid Rheumatologic conditions	−1.54	−4.59	1.51	0.32

Abbreviations: WPI Widespread Pain Index (total score ranges from 0 to 19 where higher score indicates more widespread pain), SSS Symptom Severity Score (total score ranges from 0 to 12).
^¶History of mental health conditions includes presence of one or more self- and/or parent- reported cognitive and/or psychological issues including anxiety, depression, OCD, suicidal ideation; or patient who received outpatient or inpatient mental health care

ISSN: 1546-0096