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Table 3 Clinical features and hospital course of children with rheumatic diseases hospitalized with COVID-19

From: Outcomes of COVID-19 in a cohort of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases

Patient No. Baseline features Immuno-suppression management Symptoms Inpatient care and therapies Rheumatic disease flare diagnosisc Flare management Other complications Final outcome
Agea/Sex Rheumatic disease diagnosis Active disease Comorbidities Immuno-suppression regimen ICU LOSb Total LOSb No. of hospitalizations Remdesivir Convalescent plasma Respiratory support IV antibiotics Anticoagulation
1 16/F SLE (with ILD) N   HCQ, PDN 2.5 mg daily, MMF, RTX Continued Fever, cough, dyspnea 0 2 1 N N N Y N None   Pneumonia Survived
2 19/F SLE (with LN) Y HTN HCQ, PDN 40 mg daily Continued Fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia/ageusia 1 5 2 N N LFNC Y Y Before IVMP Pneumonia, AKI Survived
3 17/F Overlap sd. (with ILD) Y   HCQ, PDN 30 mg daily, MMF, IV CYC MMF and HCQ held Fever, sore throat, dyspnea, myalgia, diarrhea, vomiting 4 8 1 Y Y HFNC Y Y Before Increased PDN dose   Survived
4 19/F SLE+ RA Y   HCQ, PDN 10 mg daily, MTX, MMF, RTX Continued Myalgia, chest pain 0 4 1 N N N N N Before IVMP, increased PDN dose   Survived
5 19/F JIA Y   Tofacitinib Continued Fever, abdominal pain 0 2 1 N N N Y N None   Urosepsis Survived
6 19/F SLE (with LN) Y Hyperparathyroidism, LVH, HTN, anemia of chronic disease, s/p renal transplant HCQ, PDN 5 mg daily, tacrolimus, MMF, RTX MMF held Fever, cough, diarrhea, anosmia/ageusia, rhinorrhea, fatigue, chest pain, rash 4 17 1 N Y HFNC Y Y Concurrent IVMP, increased PDN dose, IV CYC Renal failure requiring HD, pneumonia Survived
7 17/M SLE+ MAS Y HTN HCQ, PDN 20 mg daily, MMF, ANK ANK heldd Fever, myalgias, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, rash f 0 4 1 N N N Y N After IVMP, increased PDN dose C. difficile colitis Survived
8 16/M Sarcoidosis (with ILD) Y SCD, Cholestasis, pulmonary HTN PDN 30 mg daily, MMF MMF held Myalgia 0 5 1 Y N LFNC N Y None    Survived
9 14/M Overlap sd. (with LN) Y Asthma, HTN HCQ, PDN 60 mg daily, MMF RTX Continued Rash, chest pain 0 3 1 N N N N Y None   Conjunctivitis 3 weeks post-admissione Survived
10 14/F AAV+ anti-GBM disease (with RLD) Y ESRD on PD, HTN, acquired IgG deficiency PDN 5 mg daily, leflunomide, RTX Leflunomide held Fever, fatigue, sore throat, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspnea, chest pain, rash, myalgias f 26 41 3 N N MV/ ECMO Y N After PLEX, IVMP, IVIG, IV CYC, RTX Pneumonia, C. difficile colitis, cytokine storm requiring ANK and TCZ Deceased
  1. Abbreviations: AKI Acute kidney injury, ANK Anakinra, AAV Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage, C. Clostridium, CYC Cyclophosphamide, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ESRD End-stage renal disease, F Female, GBM Glomerular basement membrane, HCQ Hydroxychloroquine, HD Hemodialysis, HFNC High-flow nasal cannula, HTN Hypertension, ICU Intensive Care Unit, IgG Immunoglobulin G, ILD Interstitial lung disease, JIA Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis, IV Intravenous, IVIG Intravenous Immunoglobulin, IVMP Intravenous methylprednisolone pulses, LFNC Low-flow nasal cannula, LOS Length of stay, LN Lupus nephritis, LVH Left ventricular hypertrophy, M Male, MAS Macrophage activation syndrome, MMF Mycophenolate, MV Mechanical ventilation, N No, No. Number, PCR Polymerase chain reaction, PD Peritoneal dialysis, PDN Prednisone, PLEX Plasmapheresis, RA Rheumatoid arthritis, RLD Restrictive lung disease, RTX Rituximab, SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SCD Sickle cell disease, Sd. Syndrome, SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus, TCZ Tocilizumab, Y Yes
  2. aIn years
  3. bIn days
  4. cin relation to acute COVID-19 diagnosis
  5. dPatient ran out of anakinra 2 days prior to admission; re-started upon hospitalization
  6. eNo cardiac involvement or fever
  7. fNo cardiac involvement
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Pediatric Rheumatology

ISSN: 1546-0096