From: Outcomes of COVID-19 in a cohort of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases
Category | Total n = 55 | Hospitalized n = 10 | Ambulatory n = 45 | OR (95% CI) | P | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||||||
Age in years | 16 | (14–18) | 17 | (16–19) | 16 | (13–17) | 0.07 | |
Female | 43 | (78.2) | 7 | (70.0) | 36 | (80.0) | 0.59 (0.11–4.22) | 0.67 |
African American | 17 | (30.9) | 7 | (70.0) | 10 | (22.2) | 7.78 (1.46–55.38) | 0.006 |
Asian | 1 | (1.8) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (2.2) | 0 (0–175.02) | 1 |
Caucasian | 31 | (56.4) | 2 | (20.0) | 29 | (64.4) | 0.14 (0.01–0.83) | 0.01 |
Hispanic or Latino | 6 | (10.9) | 1 | (10.0) | 5 | (11.1) | 0.89 (0.02–9.54) | 1 |
Baseline clinical features | ||||||||
Comorbidities | 27 | (49.1) | 6 | (60.0) | 21 | (46.7) | 1.69 (0.35–9.35) | 0.50 |
Primary rheumatic disease | ||||||||
Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis | 17 | (30.9) | 1 | (10.0) | 16 | (35.6) | 0.21 (0.004–1.73) | 0.15 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 14 | (25.5) | 5 | (50.0) | 9 | (20.0) | 3.88 (0.72–21.23) | 0.1 |
Juvenile Dermatomyositis | 6 | (10.9) | 0 | (0) | 6 | (13.3) | 0 (0–3.94) | 0.58 |
Other | 18 | (32.7) | 4 | (40.0) | 14 | (31.1) | 1.46 (0.26–7.38) | 0.71 |
Active rheumatic disease | 28 | (50.9) | 9 | (90.0) | 19 | (42.2) | 11.83 (1.43–558.37) | 0.01 |
Immunomodulatory medications | ||||||||
Oral corticosteroids < 10 mg | 8 | (14.5) | 3 | (30.0) | 5 | (11.1) | 3.33 (0.42–22.33) | 0.15 |
Oral corticosteroids ≥10 mg | 10 | (18.2) | 6 | (60.0) | 4 | (8.9) | 14.12 (2.31–106.04) | 0.001 |
IV pulse corticosteroids | 3 | (5.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (6.7) | 0 (0–11.40) | 1 |
Hydroxychloroquine | 27 | (49.1) | 7 | (70.0) | 20 | (44.4) | 2.89 (0.56–19.35) | 0.18 |
Other cDMARDsa | 20 | (36.4) | 2 | (20.0) | 18 | (40.0) | 0.38 (0.03–2.22) | 0.3 |
Mycophenolate | 16 | (29.1) | 7 | (70.0) | 9 | (20.0) | 8.84 (1.64–63.88) | 0.004 |
Tofacitinib | 2 | (3.6) | 1 | (10.0) | 1 | (2.2) | 4.69 (0.06–390.81) | 0.33 |
Intravenous immunoglobulin | 4 | (7.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (8.9) | 0 (0–7.15) | 1 |
Cyclophosphamide | 4 | (7.3) | 1 | (10.0) | 3 | (6.7) | 1.54 (0.03–21.94) | 0.56 |
TNFi | 14 | (25.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 14 | (31.1) | 0 (0–1.17) | 0.05 |
Rituximab | 7 | (12.7) | 5 | (50.0) | 2 | (2.2) | 19.40 (2.45–254.14) | 0.001 |
Other bDMARDsb | 8 | (14.5) | 2 | (20.0) | 6 | (13.3) | 0.73 (0.01–7.29) | 1 |
None | 3 | (5.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (6.7) | 0 (0–11.40) | 1 |
Severe Immunosupressionc | 17 | (32.7) | 9 | (90.0) | 8 | (19.0) | 34.80 (3.94–1704.26) | < 0.001 |