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Table 2 Univariate relationships between laboratory evaluation, subclinical atherosclerosis and CIMT in juvenile systemic lupus study participants

From: Disease activity index is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Variable (n)

Subclinical Atherosclerosis

n (%) or mean [SD]

P value* #

CIMT – mm

mean [SD]

P value #

Yes (9)

No (19)

Opposite dichotomic Control

Anemia

4 (40)

6 (60)

0.67

0.44[0.03]

0.43[0.05]

0.22

Leukopenia

2 (66.7)

1 (33.3)

0.23

0.43[0.03]

0.43[0.04]

0.58

Lymphopenia

3 (27.3)

8 (72.7)

1

0.42[0.42]

0.44[0.05]

0.40

Hematuria

5 (45.4)

6 (54.5)

0.40

0.44[0.05]

0.43[0.04]

0.29

Leukocyturia

5 (50)

5 (50)

0.21

0.44[0.05]

0.43[0.04]

0.77

Urinary casts

1 (50)

1 (50)

1

0.41[0.03]

0.43[0.04]

0.45

Proteinuria**

7 (58)

5 (41.7)

0.02

0.45[0.04]

0.42[0.04]

0.02

Proteinuria moderate to severe

5 (62.5)

3 (37.5)

0.06

0.44[0.03]

0.43[0.04]

0.28

Estimate CrCl < 75 ml/min/1.73m2

3 (100)

0

0.02

0.47[0.02]

0.43[0.04]

0.04

Estimate CrCl

125.5 [58.9]

162.8 [42.9]

0.14

   

Anti-dsDNAn

7 (33)

14 (66,7)

1

0.43[0.04]

0.43[0.05]

0.79

Antiphospholipid positive

7 (50)

7 (50)

0.10

0.42[0.04]

0.44[0.05]

0.68

Low complement C3

5 (38)

8 (61)

0.69

0.43[0.05]

0.43[0.04]

0.75

C4

4 (36.4)

7(63.6)

1

0.43[0.04]

0.43[0.04]

0.74

Dyslipidemia

8 (34.8)

15 (65.2)

1

0.43[0.04]

0.43[0.06]

0.95

Triglycerides (≥130 mg/dL)

5(50)

5(50)

0.2

0.43[0.04]

0.43[0.05]

0.94

Triglycerides

189.5 [139.8]

118.3 [82.4]

0.07

   

Total Cholesterol (> 170 mg/dL)

6 (60)

4 (40)

0.03

0.44[0.03]

0.43[0.05]

0.24

Total Cholesterol mean [SD]

196.1 [52.5]

148.2 [33.9]

< 0.01

   

LDL

2 (50)

2 (50)

0.57

0.44[0.05]

0.43[0.04]

0.54

LDL means [SD]

84.9 [22.1]

112.6 [47.9]

0.14

   

HDL (< 45 mg/dL)

5 (31.2)

11 (68.7)

1

0.43[0.04]

0.44[0.04]

0.66

HDL means [SD]

43 [8]

37.3 [11.9]

0.20

   

High hsCRP

1 (14.3)

6 (85.7)

0.37

0.42[0.03]

0.44[0.04]

0.58

Hyperhomocysteinemia

2 (67)

1 (33)

0.23

0.45[0.02]

0.43[0.04]

0.24

Homocystein mean [SD]

8.4 [3.2]

15 [14]

0.18

   

Low cyanocobalamin

0

1(100)

1

   

Cyanocobalamin mean [SD]

433.7 [221.5]

411.5 [201]

0.81

   

Low folate

0

1(100)

1

   

Folate mean [SD]

9.4 ± 3.7

10.7 ± 3.8

0.5

   

IL-1 alpha

1 (33.3)

2(66.7)

1

0.46[0.08]

0.43[0.04]

0.75

IL-17 (2)

0

2 (100)

1

0.42[0.01]

0.44[0.05]

0.39

INF-gamma (4)

1 (25)

3 (75)

1

0.45[0.06]

0.43[0.04]

0.84

IL-10 (7)

2(28.6)

5 (71.4)

1

0.42[0.02]

0.45[0.05]

0.46

IL-1 beta (4)

0

4(100)

0.25

0.41[0.02]

0.44[0.05]

0.24

TNF- alpha (4)

0

4 (100)

0.25

0.41[0.02]

0.44[0.05]

0.24

IL-6 mean [SD]

8.6 [10.5]

14.4 [22.8]

0.42

   

ICAM-1 mean [SD]

302.9 [81.4]

231.8 [100.9]

0.12

   

VCAM-1 mean [SD]

728.2 [626]

418.9 [237.4]

0.42

   

P-selectina mean [SD]

52.0 [21.3]

191.9 [288.5]

0.11

   
  1. *Fisher and #Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. ** protein to creatinine ratio ≥ 0.2. LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein, hsCRP high sensitivity c-reactive, protein, IL interleukins, IFN interferon, (IFN), VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin high sensitivity c-reactive, protein (hsCRP), CIMT carotid intima-media thickness, SD standard deviation, CrCl creatinine clearance, mm: millimeters