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Table 4 Predictors of specific brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) and en coup de sabre (ECDS)

From: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with Parry-Romberg syndrome and en coup de sabre

    

Demographics

Neurological disorders

Psychiatric disorders

Laboratory

    

Age

Age at diagnosis

Ethnicity

Disease type

Sex

Any

Seizures

Headaches

Cranial nerve dysfunction

Any

Anxiety

ANA

    

< 14

> 14

p

< 7

> 7

p

White British

Other

p

ECDS

ECDS/PRS

p

M

F

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Specific MRI changes

White matter high signal intensity

n = 6

Yes

4

2

0.59

4

2

0.59

3

3

0.18

2

4

0.63

2

4

0.63

6

0

0.031

5

1

0.026

2

4

1

2

4

0.16

2

4

1

1

5

1

3

2

1

No

3

5

3

5

6

0

4

4

4

4

3

5

1

7

2

6

0

8

2

6

1

7

4

3

Dystrophic calcification

n = 5

Yes

3

2

1

4

1

0.27

3

2

0.52

2

3

1

2

3

1

5

0

0.1

4

1

0.1

2

3

1

1

4

1

2

3

1

1

4

1

2

2

1

No

4

4

3

5

6

1

4

4

4

4

4

4

2

6

2

6

1

7

2

6

1

7

4

3

Contrast enhancement

n = 5

Yes

3

2

1

4

1

1

3

2

1

2

3

0.52

2

3

1

5

0

1

4

1

0.52

2

3

1

1

4

1

2

3

1

1

4

1

2

2

1

No

4

1

3

2

4

1

4

1

3

2

4

1

2

3

2

3

1

4

1

4

0

5

2

2

Leptomeningeal enhancement

n = 4

Yes

2

2

0.5

3

1

1

2

2

0.5

2

2

1

1

3

0.52

4

0

1

3

1

0.57

2

2

1

1

3

1

2

2

0.5

1

3

0.4

2

2

1

No

5

1

4

2

5

1

4

2

4

2

5

1

3

3

2

4

1

5

1

5

0

6

2

2

Sulcal crowding

n = 3

Yes

1

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

0.45

1

2

1

1

2

1

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

2

0.4

1

2

1

0

3

1

2

1

1

No

6

5

5

6

8

2

5

6

5

6

7

4

5

6

3

8

1

10

3

8

2

9

5

4

Cavernomata

n = 1

Yes

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

0

1

1

1

0

0.43

1

0

1

1

0

0.43

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

0

1

No

6

7

6

7

8

3

6

7

5

8

8

5

5

8

4

9

2

11

4

9

2

11

7

5

Porencephaly

n = 1

Yes

1

7

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

0

0.43

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

0.42

No

6

0

6

7

8

3

6

7

6

7

8

5

5

8

4

9

2

11

4

9

2

11

7

4

  1. Groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test; p < 0.05 was considered significant; significant results are highlighted in bold. M Male, F Female, ANA Anti-nuclear antibody. Contrast enhancement and dystrophic calcification could not be assessed in four and one patients respectively