Table 3 Predictors of abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with Parry-Romberg (PRS) and en coup de sabre (ECDS)
From: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with Parry-Romberg syndrome and en coup de sabre
Normal MRI | Abnormal MRI | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient demographics | Disease | ECDS | 4 | 2 | 0.59 | |
ECDS/PRS | 3 | 5 | ||||
Sex | M | 4 | 2 | 0.59 | ||
F | 3 | 5 | ||||
Additional clinical features | Any | Any | Yes | 5 | 7 | 0.46 |
No | 2 | 0 | ||||
Neurological | Any | Yes | 3 | 6 | 0.27 | |
No | 4 | 1 | ||||
Seizures | Yes | 1 | 5 | 0.1 | ||
No | 6 | 2 | ||||
Headaches | Yes | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||
No | 5 | 5 | ||||
Cranial nerve dysfunction | Yes | 0 | 2 | 0.46 | ||
No | 7 | 5 | ||||
Transient ischaemic attack | Yes | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 7 | 6 | ||||
Myoclonus | Yes | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 7 | 6 | ||||
Hyperaesthesia | Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
No | 6 | 7 | ||||
Gait disturbance | Yes | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 7 | 6 | ||||
Psychiatric disorder(s) | Any | Yes | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
No | 5 | 5 | ||||
Anxiety | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 6 | 6 | ||||
Depression | Yes | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 7 | 6 | ||||
OCD | Yes | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 7 | 6 | ||||
Visual hallucinations | Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
No | 6 | 7 | ||||
Cardiovascular | Any | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
No | 6 | 6 | ||||
Hypertension | Yes | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 7 | 6 | ||||
Bicuspid aortic valve | Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
No | 6 | 7 | ||||
Articular | TMJ dysfunction | Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
No | 6 | 7 | ||||
Muscular | Myositis | Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
No | 6 | 7 | ||||
Laboratory and other investigations | Autoantibodies | ANA | Yes | 3 | 4 | 1 |
No | 3 | 2 | ||||
Anti-smooth muscle | Yes | 0 | 1 | 0.4 | ||
No | 3 | 1 | ||||
RF | Yes | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | ||
No | 4 | 1 | ||||
ENA | Yes | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
No | 1 | 5 | ||||
dsDNA | Yes | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
No | 3 | 4 | ||||
Cerebrospinal fluid | Inflammatory infiltrate | Yes | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
No | 0 | 3 | ||||
Neurophysiology | EEG abnormality | Yes | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
No | 0 | 1 | ||||