Table 2 Presentation and SARS-CoV-2 testing
From: Distinguishing active pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia from MIS-C
Active COVID-19 Pneumonia (N = 16) | Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia (N = 8) | Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia (N = 8) | MIS-C (N = 21) | Mild MIS-C (N = 10) | Severe MIS-C (N = 11) | Total vs Total | Severe vs Severe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms on Presentation - no. (%) | ||||||||
Fever | 12 (75) | 7 (87.5) | 5 (62.5) | 21 (100) | 10 (100) | 11 (100) | 0.0276 | 0.0578 |
Respiratory Symptoms | 14 (87.5) | 6 (75) | 8 (100) | 1 (5) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | < 0.00001 | < 0.00001 |
Hypoxia | 7 (44) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.0011 | 0.0010 |
Cough | 7 (44) | 5 (62.5) | 2 (25) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.0011 | 0.1637 |
Shortness of Breath | 9 (56) | 4 (50) | 5 (62.5) | 1 (5) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.0001 | 0.0048 |
Gastrointestinal Symptoms | 6 (37.5) | 3 (37.5) | 3 (37.5) | 21 (100) | 10 (100) | 11 (100) | < 0.00001 | 0.0048 |
Nausea/Vomiting | 5 (31) | 2 (25) | 3 (37.5) | 15 (71) | 8 (80) | 7 (64) | 0.0220 | 0.3698 |
Diarrhea | 2 (12.5) | 2 (25) | 0 (0) | 11 (52) | 5 (50) | 6 (55) | 0.0165 | 0.0181 |
Abdominal Pain | 1 (6) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 12 (57) | 6 (60) | 6 (55) | 0.0016 | 0.0181 |
Rash | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 13 (62) | 7 (70) | 6 (55) | 0.0001 | 0.0181 |
Conjunctivitis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 14 (67) | 8 (80) | 6 (55) | < 0.00001 | 0.0181 |
Mucosal Changes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (19) | 2 (20) | 2 (18) | 0.1182 | 0.4854 |
Length of symptoms prior to presentation - days (IQR) | ||||||||
Median duration of symptoms prior to presentation | 3 (1.75–6.25) | 3.5 (2.75–7) | 2 (1–3.75) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3.25–5) | 4 (3–4.5) | 0.2902 | 0.2155 |
COVID-19 exposures | ||||||||
Known COVID-19 exposure - no. (%) | 8 (50) | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | 6 (29) | 4 (40) | 2 (18) | 0.3051 | 0.6027 |
Prior documented COVID-19 infection - no. (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4 (19) | 2 (20) | 2 (18) | – | – |
Time between exposure/infection and admission - days (IQR) | 6 (4.25–7.75) | 7.5 (6.5–8) | 3.5 (3.25–3.75) | 29.5 (24.5–32) | 28 (14–31) | 31 (29.5–33) | 0.0201 | – |
Level of Admission - no. (%) | ||||||||
Intensive Care | 13 (81) | 5 (62.5) | 8 (100) | 12 (57) | 1 (10) | 11 (100) | – | – |
Acute Care | 3 (19) | 3 (37.5) | 0 (0) | 9 (43) | 9 (90) | 0 (0) | – | – |
Length of Stay – days (IQR) | 14 (6.75–28.25) | 9.5 (5.5–12.25) | 29.5 (21.75–47) | 5 (3–8) | 3.5 (3.25–5) | 7 (5.5–10) | 0.0008 | 0.0023 |
SARS-CoV-2 Positivity - no. (%) | ||||||||
PCR | 16 (100) | 8 (100) | 8 (100) | 8 (38) | 5 (50) | 3 (27) | 0.0001 | 0.0010 |
IgG Antibodies - no./total no. (%) | 0/0 (0) | 0/0 (0) | 0/0 (0) | 16/17 (94) | 8/9 (89) | 8/8 (100) | – | – |
Additional Infectious Agent - no. (%) | ||||||||
Viral | 1 (6) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.4324 | 1.0000 |
Bacterial | 3 (19) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (25) | 1 (5) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.2962 | 0.1637 |
Vasopressor Requirement - no. (%) | ||||||||
Yes | 5 (31) | 0 (0) | 5 (62.5) | 11 (52) | 0 (0) | 11 (100) | 0.3161 | 0.0578 |
No | 11 (69) | 8 (100) | 3 (37.5) | 10 (48) | 10 (100) | 0 (0) | – | – |
Respiratory Support - no. (%) | ||||||||
None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (38) | 7 (70) | 1 (9) | 0.0056 | 1.0000 |
Low Flow Oxygen | 5 (31) | 5 (62.5) | 0 (0) | 5 (24) | 2 (20) | 3 (27) | 0.7165 | 0.2281 |
High Flow Oxygen | 3 (19) | 3 (37.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 1 (10) | 1 (9) | 0.6339 | 1.0000 |
Positive pressure ventilation | 8 (50) | 0 (0) | 8 (100) | 6 (29) | 0 (0) | 6 (55) | 0.3051 | 0.0445 |