Table 4 Risk factors of osteoporosis in childhood
| Modifiable | Nutritional |
• Caloric intake • Protein intake • Calcium intake • Phosphorus intake • Vitamin D • Others (vitamins K, group B, Mg, K …) |
| Lifestyle |
• Solar exposure • Physical exercise • Tobacco • Alcohol | |
| Partly modifiable | High risk diseases |
• Prematurity • Pregnancy and nursing in adolescents • Intestinal malabsorption • Cystic fibrosis • Celiac disease • Inflammatory bowel disease • Food allergies • Chronic lactose intolerance • Chronic liver disease • Chronic kidney disease • Cerebral palsy • Chronic rheumatic diseases … |
| Hormonal |
• Treatment with glucocorticoids • Hyperparathyroidism • Hypogonadism | |
| Non- modifiable | Genetics | |
| Sex | ||
| Ethnicity |