Neuromuscular disorders | Cerebral palsy Duchenne muscular dystrophy Rett syndrome Myopathies Diseases resulting in long-term immobilization |
Hematological diseases | Leukemias Hemophilia Thalassemia |
Systemic autoimmune diseases | Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus Juvenile dermatomyositis Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis Systemic sclerosis |
Lung diseases | Cystic fibrosis |
Gastrointestinal diseases | Celiac disease Inflammatory bowel disease Chronic liver disease Cow’s milk protein allergy |
Renal diseases | Nephrotic Syndrome Chronic renal failure |
Psychiatric illnesses | Anorexia nervosa |
Infectious diseases | HIV infection Immunodeficiencies |
Endocrine diseases | Delayed puberty Hypogonadism Turner syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome Growth hormone deficiency Acromegaly Hyperthyroidism Diabetes Hyperprolactinemia Cushing syndrome Adrenal insufficiency Hyperparathyroidism Vitamin D metabolism disorders |
Inborn errors of metabolism | Glycogen storage disease Galactosemia Gaucher disease |
Skin conditions | Epidermolysis bullosa |
Iatrogenesis | Systemic glucocorticoids Cyclosporine Methotrexate Heparin Anticonvulsants Radiation therapy |