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Table 2 Causes of secondary osteoporosis

From: Expert panel consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of secondary osteoporosis in children

Neuromuscular disorders

Cerebral palsy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Rett syndrome

Myopathies

Diseases resulting in long-term immobilization

Hematological diseases

Leukemias

Hemophilia

Thalassemia

Systemic autoimmune diseases

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

Juvenile dermatomyositis

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Systemic sclerosis

Lung diseases

Cystic fibrosis

Gastrointestinal diseases

Celiac disease

Inflammatory bowel disease

Chronic liver disease

Cow’s milk protein allergy

Renal diseases

Nephrotic Syndrome

Chronic renal failure

Psychiatric illnesses

Anorexia nervosa

Infectious diseases

HIV infection

Immunodeficiencies

Endocrine diseases

Delayed puberty

Hypogonadism

Turner syndrome

Klinefelter Syndrome

Growth hormone deficiency

Acromegaly

Hyperthyroidism

Diabetes

Hyperprolactinemia

Cushing syndrome

Adrenal insufficiency

Hyperparathyroidism

Vitamin D metabolism disorders

Inborn errors of metabolism

Glycogen storage disease

Galactosemia

Gaucher disease

Skin conditions

Epidermolysis bullosa

Iatrogenesis

Systemic glucocorticoids

Cyclosporine

Methotrexate

Heparin

Anticonvulsants

Radiation therapy