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Table 2 Prevalence (%) and odds ratios for pre-specified autoimmune diseases, using two diagnosis codes

From: Prevalence of co-existing autoimmune disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence (%)

<  18 years

≥ 18 years

MarketScan

PharMetrics

MarketScan

PharMetrics

JIA (N = 8633)

ADHD (N = 38,967)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

JIA (N = 9155)

ADHD (N = 41,264)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

JIA (N = 5789)

ADHD (N = 27,288)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

JIA (N = 5638)

ADHD (N = 27,106)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Addison disease

0.17

0.03

6.16 (2.83, 13.42)

0.11

0.04

2.51 (1.16, 5.43)

0.66

0.14

4.87 (3.09, 7.66)

0.53

0.11

4.67 (2.83, 7.73)

Alopecia areata

0.10

0.05

2.03 (0.93, 4.46)

0.15

0.06

2.43 (1.27, 4.65)

0.10

0.10

1.09 (0.45, 2.64)

0.18

0.11

1.66 (0.81, 3.41)

Celiac disease

0.51

0.13

3.99 (2.66, 5.98)

0.54

0.14

3.82 (2.61, 5.60)

0.24

0.18

1.32 (0.73, 2.39)

0.53

0.20

2.63 (1.68, 4.11)

Chronic glomerulonephritis

0.12

0.00

Inf

0.08

0.00

31.57 (3.88, 256.56)

0.05

0.02

2.36 (0.59, 9.43)

0.09

0.00

24.06 (2.81, 205.96)

Chronic urticaria

1.69

0.50

3.40 (2.74, 4.22)

1.42

0.70

2.04 (1.65, 2.51)

1.45

0.58

2.53 (1.94, 3.30)

1.35

0.67

2.03 (1.55, 2.66)

Crohn’s disease

1.11

0.07

16.84 (10.91, 25.99)

1.06

0.08

12.99 (8.78, 19.2)

1.52

0.40

3.88 (2.93, 5.16)

1.17

0.37

3.23 (2.36, 4.42)

Erythema nodosum

0.09

0.01

12.05 (3.20, 45.4)

0.09

0.01

9.02 (2.72, 29.96)

0.03

0.04

0.94 (0.21, 4.3)

0.14

0.02

7.7 (2.52, 23.55)

Giant cell arteritis

0.01

0.00

4.51 (0.28, 72.18)

0.01

0.00

Inf

0.19

0.00

Inf

0.04

0.01

3.21 (0.54, 19.19)

Graves’ disease

0.12

0.04

3.23 (1.43, 7.27)

0.10

0.06

1.69 (0.79, 3.64)

0.35

0.16

2.15 (1.26, 3.65)

0.28

0.20

1.45 (0.83, 2.54)

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis/ autoimmune thyroid disease

0.60

0.17

3.57 (2.48, 5.14)

0.70

0.16

4.26 (3.03, 6.01)

0.67

0.43

1.56 (1.09, 2.25)

0.83

0.42

1.99 (1.42, 2.8)

Hemolytic anemia

0.37

0.05

6.90 (3.98, 11.97)

0.24

0.05

4.52 (2.50, 8.16)

0.50

0.07

6.86 (3.88, 12.14)

0.30

0.06

5.46 (2.73, 10.94)

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura/ thrombocytopenia purpura

0.12

0.03

4.52 (1.88, 10.86)

0.14

0.03

4.89 (2.23, 10.72)

0.45

0.11

3.97 (2.35, 6.69)

0.32

0.07

4.82 (2.51, 9.27)

Interstitial lung disease/pulmonary fibrosis

0.13

0.01

24.86 (5.51, 112.15)

0.09

0.01

12.03 (3.19, 45.33)

0.88

0.08

11.54 (6.94, 19.2)

0.57

0.04

12.89 (6.63, 25.04)

Morphea

0.38

0.02

21.36 (9.45, 48.29)

0.23

0.01

18.97 (7.15, 50.33)

0.17

0.05

3.63 (1.59, 8.28)

0.12

0.03

4.81 (1.69, 13.73)

Multiple sclerosis

0.01

0.01

2.26 (0.21, 24.90)

0.03

0.01

3.38 (0.76, 15.11)

0.45

0.30

1.5 (0.96, 2.33)

0.32

0.21

1.52 (0.89, 2.58)

Myasthenia gravis

0.02

0.01

4.51 (0.64, 32.06)

0.00

0.00

Inf

0.05

0.02

2.36 (0.59, 9.43)

0.07

0.02

3.85 (1.03, 14.34)

Pernicious anemia

0.00

0.01

0

0.00

0.00

0

0.28

0.21

1.3 (0.75, 2.27)

0.27

0.21

1.24 (0.7, 2.2)

Polymyalgia rheumatic

0.01

0.00

Inf

0.02

0.00

9.02 (0.82, 99.43)

0.45

0.05

8.2 (4.34, 15.5)

0.20

0.05

3.78 (1.72, 8.34)

Polymyositis

0.08

0.00

Inf

0.05

0.00

22.55 (2.63, 193.01)

0.14

0.02

7.55 (2.47, 23.09)

0.09

0.02

4.01 (1.22, 13.14)

Primary biliary cirrhosis

0.00

0.00

0

0.00

0.00

Inf

0.05

0.02

2.83 (0.68, 11.84)

0.02

0.01

2.40 (0.22, 26.52)

Psoriasis only

0.73

0.09

8.42 (5.54, 12.78)

0.71

0.12

5.89 (4.07, 8.53)

1.21

0.53

2.31 (1.73, 3.08)

1.45

0.50

2.93 (2.22, 3.86)

Raynaud’s syndrome

0.39

0.07

5.7 (3.44, 9.46)

0.64

0.05

12.16 (7.45, 19.84)

1.04

0.32

3.24 (2.33, 4.50)

0.78

0.31

2.53 (1.76, 3.65)

Scleritis and episcleritis

0.22

0.01

17.19 (6.42, 46.04)

0.23

0.02

13.55 (5.76, 31.88)

0.35

0.07

5.25 (2.78, 9.94)

0.34

0.09

3.66 (2.02, 6.66)

Sjögren’s syndrome /sicca syndrome

0.16

0.00

Inf

0.17

0.00

72.24 (9.58, 544.36)

1.26

0.19

6.82 (4.76, 9.77)

1.15

0.17

6.86 (4.70, 10.02)

Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma

0.25

0.01

24.89 (8.57, 72.23)

0.22

0.00

90.34 (12.12, 673.22)

0.28

0.03

10.8 (4.44, 26.26)

0.20

0.02

8.83 (3.26, 23.88)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

0.73

0.43

1.7 (1.27, 2.27)

0.74

0.41

1.82 (1.37, 2.41)

1.93

0.78

2.50 (1.98, 3.14)

1.51

0.71

2.15 (1.66, 2.78)

Ulcerative colitis

0.41

0.05

8.34 (4.77, 14.59)

0.36

0.06

6.49 (3.81, 11.05)

1.19

0.33

3.69 (2.69, 5.06)

0.67

0.28

2.41 (1.63, 3.57)

Uveitis

8.88

0.06

165.10 (108.97, 250.14)

8.84

0.07

133.23 (92.47, 191.95)

3.78

0.21

18.46 (13.8, 24.69)

4.68

0.17

29.54 (21.51, 40.58)

Vasculitis

0.35

0.02

22.64 (9.42, 54.42)

0.17

0.02

10.32 (4.24, 25.08)

0.79

0.07

12.13 (7.03, 20.94)

0.53

0.07

7.63 (4.29, 13.56)

Vitiligo

0.14

0.05

2.85 (1.39, 5.88)

0.12

0.05

2.61 (1.24, 5.49)

0.16

0.08

1.85 (0.85, 3.99)

0.23

0.11

2.16 (1.12, 4.15)

  1. ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, CI confidence interval, Inf infinite (due to the fact that no patients in the ADHD cohort reported any cases of the autoimmune disease), JIA juvenile idiopathic arthritis, MarketScan Truven Health MarketScan® Commercial Database, PharMetrics IMS PharMetrics database