Table 4 Muscle outcomes assessed by dynamometry and mechanography in those participants that completed the study (n = 13). Values are mean (standard deviation) at baseline, 3-, 6- and 12-months and adjusted mean change (95% confidence interval) for change from baseline to 3-, 6- and 12-months
Variable | Baseline | 3-months | 6-months | 12-months | Baseline-3Â monthsc | Baseline-6Â monthsc | Baseline-12Â monthsc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grip strength, left (kg) | 19.5 (6.3) | 19.6 (6.1) | 19.8 (6.8) | 21.6 (6.1) | −0.8 (−2.2, 0.6) | −1.5 (−3.2, 0.2) | −0.7 (2.9, 1.5) |
Grip strength, right (kg) | 20.9 (6.0) | 22.3 (7.5) | 22.0 (6.6) | 23.7 (.1) | 0.6 (−0.6, 1.9) | −0.4 (−1.9, 1.0) | 0.5 (−1.4, 2.4) |
Peak power (W/kg) | 37.8 (5.5) | 39.3 (7.3) | 38.2 (5.5) | 39.3 (5.9) | 0.8 (−1.1, 2.7) | −0.9 (−3.3, 1.4) | − 0.7 (− 3.6, 2.3) |
Peak power z-score | − 0.79 (0.95) | −0.58 (0.98) | − 0.84 (0.94) | −0.70 (0.91) | 0.13 (− 0.21, 0.47) | −0.20 (− 0.61, 0.21) | −0.15 (− 0.67, 0.37) |
Peak force, right leg (Fmax/BW) | 2.84 (0.40) | 2.82 (0.39) | 2.80 (0.33) | 2.90 (0.33) | −0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01) | −0.01 (− 0.02, 0.00) | 0.21 (0.19, 0.22)a |
Peak force, right leg z-score | −0.82 (1.18) | − 0.52 (1.30) | −0.95 (1.16) | − 0.63 (1.07) | 0.31 (− 0.14, 0.75) | −0.12 (− 0.66, 0.41) | 0.21 (− 0.48, 0.89) |
Peak force, left leg | 2.75 (0.42) | 2.94 (0.41) | 2.74 (0.31) | 2.80 (0.36) | −0.01 (− 0.02, 0.00) | −0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.003)b | 0.19 (0.17, 0.21)a |
Peak force, left leg z-score | − 1.15 (1.36) | −0.88 (1.25) | −1.16 (1.06) | − 1.02 (1.28) | 0.15 (− 0.29, 0.59) | −0.23 (− 0.78, 0.30) | −0.23 (− 0.91, 0.45) |
KE Peak torque (N-m) | |||||||
 60 °·s 1 | 182.0 (29.4) | 192.5 (38.9) | 203.4 (53.1) | 219.7 (65.5) | −3.4 (−21.9, 15.0) | −8.6 (− 31.3, 14.0) | − 5.8 (− 33.9, 22.3) |
 180 °·s 1 | 145.1 (27.3) | 160.9 (29.5) | 167.7 (34.7) | 181.3 (49.5) | 7.3 (− 4.5, 19.0) | 4.5 (−9.9, 19.0) | 9.6 (−8.4, 27.6) |
KE Average power (W) | |||||||
 60 °·s 1 | 44.1 (11.2) | 50.3 (15.2) | 53.1 (17.4) | 56.3 (22.7) | 0.1 (−6.5, 6.7) | −3.5 (−11.6, 4.6) | − 6.7 (− 16.8, 3.3) |
 180 °·s 1 | 91.5 (24.6) | 105.6 (25.7) | 107.4 (27.1) | 112.0 (31.6) | 7.0 (−2.4, 16.4) | 2.1 (−9.4, 13.6) | −1.4 (− 15.7, 12.9) |
KE Total joint work (J) | |||||||
 60 °·s 1 | 303.5 (91.8) | 318.0 (76.6) | 322.5 (89.1) | 360.7 (107.3) | −4.8 (−38.6, 29.0) | − 18.8 (− 60.3, 22.6) | −2.9 (− 54.3, 48.4) |
 180 °·s 1 | 571.5 (162.1) | 635.8 (154.1) | 639.9 (156.7) | 667.8 (170.2) | 31.0 (−26.4, 88.5) | 4.2 (−66.2, 74.7) | −7.3 (− 94.8, 80.1) |