Patient demographics | |
Age at diagnosis (year) | 13 [12–15] |
Female:male ratio | 5.6:1 |
Ethnicity | |
Chinese | 56 (94.9%) |
Others | 3 (5.1%) |
Disease duration in years | 7.8 [5.5–10.1] |
Disease manifestations | |
Presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations | 9 (15.3%) |
Presence of haematological involvement | 40 (67.8%) |
Presence of renal involvement | 47 (79.7%) |
WHO class II lupus nephritis | 2 (3.3%) |
WHO class III lupus nephritis | 10 (16.9%) |
WHO class IV lupus nephritis | 30 (50.8%) |
WHO class V lupus nephritis | 8 (13.6%) |
Presence of serositis | 10 (16.9%) |
Drug therapies | |
Ever use of hydroxychloroquine | 36 (61%) |
Ever use of intravenous methylprednisolone | 28 (31.9%) |
Ever use of cyclophosphamide (intravenous or oral) | 35 (59.3%) |
Ever use of mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid | 21 (35.6%) |
Ever use of azathioprine | 49 (83.1%) |
Ever use of cyclosporine | 13 (22%) |
Ever use of intravenous immunoglobulin | 7 (11.9%) |
Ever use of rituximab | 1 (1.7%) |