Fig. 1

Frequencies of CD24^hiCD38^hi Bregs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and controls. a The gate strategy for CD19⁺CD24^hiCD38^hi cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of one control. B cells were defined as CD19⁺ lymphocytes. Within CD19⁺ B cells gate, CD24^hiCD38^hi cells were defined as CD24^hiCD38^hi Bregs. b CD24^hiCD38^hi Bregs frequencies in total B cells were compared in PB of total, poly and non-poly JIA patients, synovial fluid (SF) of JIA patients, and PB of controls. The frequency of CD24^hiCD38^hi Bregs in the PB of total JIA patients was significantly decreased compared to those in controls (p = 0.0007), and it was even much lower in the SF of JIA patients compared to that in the PB (p < 0.0001). c The percentage of CD24^hiCD38^hi Bregs in the SF of one patient was lower than that in the PB of the same patient collected on the same day. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001