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Table 1 Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression modelling looking at time to proteinuric remission

From: Clinical predictors of proteinuric remission following an LN flare - evidence from the UK JSLE cohort study

 

Clinical and demographic factors at LN onset

Not recovered (n = 39)a

Recovered (n = 25)b

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Factors included within the multivariate model

Age at LN onset (yrs)

13.9 (6.4, 17.7)

13.6 (8.1, 17.9)

1.0007 (1.0001, 1.0013)

0.013

S creatinine (micromol/l, NA = 8)

61 (34, 234)

50 (36, 177)

0.991 (0.976, 1.005)

0.184

eGFR (ml/min/m2, NA = 2)

104 (29, 159)

121 (29,153)

1.014 (0.999, 1.028)

0.060

Neutrophil count (× 109/L, NA = 2)

3.4 (1.1, 17.8)

3.44 (0.4, 12.33)

0.932 (0.837, 1.037)

0.197

Physicians global assessment

23 (0, 75)

41 (1, 71)

1.027 (0.994, 1.061)

0.107

Haematological involvementc

Y: 33, N: 6

Y: 13, N: 12

0.421 (0.187, 0.952)

0.038

Demographics, clinical features and laboratory investigations

LN ISN/RPS renal biopsy classd

Class II: 1

Class III: 5

Class IV: 15

Class V: 2

Class II: 3

Class III: 5

Class IV: 10

Class V: 2

0.769 (0.429, 1.378)

0.388

LN at diagnosis or recurrent LN

Diagnosis: 33

Recurrent: 6

Diagnosis: 21

Recurrent: 4

0.320 (0.090, 1.138)

0.078

Female gender

32/39 (82%)

18/25 (72%)

1.572 (0.642, 3.852)

0.322

Caucasian ethnicitye

13/39 (33%)

13/25 (52%)

1.404 (0.637, 3.091)

0.421

Length of disease at LN onset (days)

225 (0, 4857)

27 (0, 2679)

0.9999 (0.9994, 1.0005)

0.934

Baseline Proteinuriaf

149 (50, 2772)

252 (51, 1418)

0.9999 (0.9993, 1.0006)

0.989

Severe hypertension (NA = 3)g

Y: 6, N: 31

Y: 3, N: 21

0.482 (0.140, 1.671)

0.253

Nephrotic syndrome (NA = 3)h

Y: 7, N: 30

Y: 5, N: 19

0.853 (0.318, 2.342)

0.765

Active urinary sediment (NA = 40)i

Y: 5, N: 9

Y: 3, N: 7

1.722 (0.402, 7.423)

0.466

Haemoglobin (g/dl)

10.8 (5.6, 96)

11.3 (7.1, 14.9)

0.999 (0.949, 1.052)

0.979

WCC (×109/L)

4.8 (2.5, 22.4)

6.4 (0.5, 9.1)

0.965 (0.885, 1.053)

0.426

Lymphocytes (×109/L, NA = 2)

1.40 (0.1, 5.0)

1.53 (0.1, 5.42)

0.970 (0.670, 1.410)

0.879

Platelets (×109/L)

245 (77, 589)

225 (82, 522)

0.998 (0.995, 1.002)

0.342

ESR (mm/h, NA = 11)

40 (2, 170)

37.5 (4, 102)

0.994 (0.982, 1.006)

0.353

CRP (mg/L, NA = 27)

5 (1, 19)

5 (1, 295)

0.998 (0.991, 1.005)

0.601

C3 (g/L, NA = 7)

0.51 (0.18, 1.61)

0.71 (0.22, 1.31)

1.011 (0.301, 3.400)

0.986

C4 (g/L, NA = 7)

0.06 (0.01, 0.90)

0.07 (0.02, 0.21)

0.282 (0.005, 15.171)

0.537

Anti-dsDNA titres (IU/L, NA = 22)

119 (0, 3503)

220 (42, 3770)

0.999 (0.999, 1.000)

0.577

IgG (g/L, NA = 27)

14.6 (0.9, 70.2)

11.8 (2.8, 33.1)

0.957 (0.895, 1.022)

0.296

IgA (g/L, NA = 28)

2.06 (0.8, 4.9)

2.36 (0.3, 3.7)

0.870 (0.493, 1.542)

0.636

IgM (g/L, NA = 28)

1.11 (0.4, 9.6)

(0.07, 2.5)

0.614 (0.271, 1.412)

0.252

Medications at LN onset

Hydroxychloroquinej

Y: 21, N: 18

Y: 12, N: 13

1.514 (0.663, 3.411)

0.328

Azathioprine

Y: 8, N: 31

Y: 2, N: 23

0.520 (0.123, 2.222)

0.377

Mycophenolate Mofetil

Y: 10, N: 29

Y: 6, N: 19

1.400 (0.550, 3.590)

0.475

Prednisolone

Y: 24, N: 15

Y: 14, N: 11

1.260 (0.560, 2.860)

0.581

Intravenous immunoglobulin

Y: 2, N: 37

Y: 2, N: 23

0.790 (0.170, 3.640)

0.762

Rituximab ever

Y: 2, N: 37

Y: 1, N: 14

0.373 (0.046, 2.982)

0.351

Cyclophosphamide ever

Y: 3, N: 36

Y: 2, N: 23

0.574 (0.132, 2.563)

0.463

ACEi or AT2ik

Y: 11, N: 28

Y: 4, N: 21

0.753 (0.263, 2.222)

0.607

Concomitant BILAG defined organ involvement

Constitutional involvement

Y: 15, N: 24

Y: 15, N: 10

1.410 (0.621, 3.183)

0.411

Mucocutaneous involvement

Y: 23, N: 16

Y: 15, N: 10

0.971 (0.431, 2.182)

0.936

Neuropsychiatric involvement

Y: 3, N:36

Y: 3, N: 22

0.920 (0.261, 3.231)

0.901

Musculoskeletal involvement

Y: 19, N: 20

Y: 14, N: 11

0.612 (0.251, 1.473)

0.272

Cardiorespiratory involvement

Y: 3, N: 36

Y: 5, N: 20

1.253 (0.462, 3.422)

0.663

Gastrointestinal involvement

Y: 0, N: 39

Y: 3, N: 22

1.311 (0.361, 4.761)

0.680

Ophthalmological involvement

Y: 0, N: 39

Y: 2, N: 23

1.082 (0.221, 5.300)

0.919

Total numerical BILAG score

11 (3, 27)

11 (1, 53)

0.980 (0.951, 1.021)

0.424

  1. Summary statistics used for continuous variables in the recovered and not recovered columns (median, min, max), whereas number count was detailed for discrete variables. Missing data shown in brackets with NA. p-values are from univariate Cox Proportion hazard models. aNot recovered = not attained proteinuric recovery during the follow up period. bRecovered = attained proteinuric recovery defined as if their spot UPCR or UACR ratio being <25mg/mmol at two consecutive visits. cBILAG defined active organ domain involvement (score of A or B). dActive LN defined in terms of having either renal biopsy defined active LN (ISN/RPS score), 32 or renal BILAG domain score of A or B. 43/64 patients had renal biopsy defined LN and 21/64 had renal BILAG defined LN. ePatients grouped as caucasian / non-caucasian for the purposes of the analysis. fBaseline Proteinuria = spot UPAC or UAUC measurements depending on hospital laboratory. gBILAG defined severe hypertension. hNephrotic syndrome = heavy proteinuria (> 50 mg/kg/day or > 3.5 g/day or protein-creatinine ratio > 350 mg/mmol or albumin-creatinine ratio > 350mg/mmol) + hypoalbuminaemia + oedema. iActive urine sediment = pyuria (> 5 WCC/hpf), haematuria (> 5 RBC/hpf) or red cell casts in absence of other causes. jMedication use (yes) or non-use (no) considered rather than absolute drug dose. kACEi or AT2i = Angiotensin inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker
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Pediatric Rheumatology

ISSN: 1546-0096