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Table 1 Risk of JIA and non-chronic arthritis according to early feeding and family history. P-values from logistic regression. Classification according to ILAR criteria. The number (n) and proportion (%) of patients in each category

From: Early feeding and risk of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case control study in a prospective birth cohort

 

Controls

Non-chronic arthritis

JIA

 

Univariate analysisa vs controls

Univariate analysis vs controls

Adjusted for potential confounding factorsb

(n = 10,883)

(n = 111)

OR (95% CI)

p

(n = 32)

OR (95% CI)

p

aOR (95% CI)

p

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding

 

Mean (SD) months

4.5 (1.9)

4.6 (1.9)

  

3.6 (1,6)

    

Median (Range) months

4 (1 - 9)

4 (1 - 9)

1.0 (0.9-1.1)

0.879

4 (1 - 7)

1.3 (1.1-1.6)

0.004

1.3 (1.1-1.6)

0.008

Mean (SD) daysc

126 (60)

135 (61)

  

109 (55)

1.0 (1.0-1.0)

0.005

1.0 (1.0-1.0)

0.009

Exclusive breastfeeding <4 months (n)

5351 (52.3%)

61 (51%)

1.3 (0.9-2.1)

0.220

22 (73%)

2.5 (1.2-5.6)

0.026

2.5 (1.2-5.6)

0.029

Duration of total breastfeeding

 

Mean (SD) months

7.1 (2.4)

7.2 (2.4)

  

5.7 (2.8)

    

Median (Range) months

8 (1 - 9)

8 (1 - 9)

0.99 (0.9-1.1)

0.940

6 (1 - 9)

1.2 (1.1-1.4)

<0.001

1.2 (1.1-1.3)

<0.001

Mean (SD) daysd

219 (82)

225 (90)

0.97 (0.9-1.1)

0.982

166 (100)

1.0 (1.0-1.0)

<0.001

1.0 (1.0-1.0)

<0.001

Total breastfeeding <4 months (n)

1694(16%)

19 (18%)

1.1 (0.7-1.8)

0.715

11 (36%)

2.8 (1.3-5.8)

0.006

2.8 (1.3-5.7)

0.009

Total breastfeeding <6 months (n)

3166 (31%)

33 (31%)

1.0 (0.7-1.5)

0.981

19 (61%)

3.6 (1.7-7.4)

<0.001

3.5 (1.6-6.2)

<0.001

Introduction of cow’s milk formula

 

Mean (SD) months

4.8 (2.5)

4.9 (2.7)

1.0 (0.9-1.1)

0.770

3.9 (2.2)

1.2 (1.0-1.3)

0.052

1.0 (1.0-1.3)

0.055

Median (Range) months

5 (1 - 9)

6 (1 - 9)

  

4 (1 - 9)

    

Introduction of gluten

 

Mean (SD) months

6.0 (1.39)

5.9 (1.4)

1.0 (0.9-1.2)

0.563

5.8 (1.27)

1.1 (0.9-1.4)

0.483

No analysis performed

Median (Range) months

6 (1 - 9)

6 (3 - 9)

  

6 (4 - 8)

    

Family history / Heredity for JIA/RA

 

Mother with RA (n)

100 (1%)

1 (1%)

0.9 (0.3-6.7)

0.941

1 (3%)

3.5 (0.5-2.6)

0.223

No analysis performed

Father with RA (n)

31 (0%)

0 (0%)

0

1.000

0 (0%)

0

1.000

No analysis performed

Siblings with JIA/RA (n)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0

1.000

0 (0%)

0

1.000

No analysis performed

2nd degree family member with RA (n)

940 (9%)

16 (14%)

1.7 (0.98-2.8)

0.06

3 (9%)

1.7 (0.98-2.8)

0.910

No analysis performed

Category at Onset (ILAR) (n)

 

Oligoarticulara

    

14 (44%)

    

Polyarticulare

    

4 (13%)

    

Enthesitis-related arthritis

    

2 (6%)

    

Psoriatic arthritis

    

3 (9%)

    

Systemic

    

4 (13%)

    

Unclassifiable

    

5 (16%)

    
  1. a Patients with oligoarticular disease, not possible to classify as extended or persistent because of missing data
  2. b Potential confounding factors were heredity for rheumatism (JIA or RA in first- and second-degree relatives), parity, mode of delivery, preterm birth, infections during the first year of life, introduction of formula, the parents’ level of education, smoking and age as well as country of birth
  3. cData from diary: Control (n = 8913); Non-chronic arthritis (n = 79); JIA (n = 29)
  4. d Data from diary: Control (n = 9732); Non-chronic arthritis (n = 105); JIA (n = 31)
  5. e Patients with polyarticular disease, not possible to classify as RF positive or negative because of missing data
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Pediatric Rheumatology

ISSN: 1546-0096