Table 1 Crohn’s disease and Behçet’s disease: clinical features
From: Intestinal Behçet and Crohn’s disease: two sides of the same coin
Crohn’s disease | Behcet’s disease | |
|---|---|---|
Clinical manifestations | Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and fever | Oral and genital ulcers, joints and neurological involvement |
Extra intestinal manifestations | Uveitis, arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, iron deficiency anaemia | Uveitis, arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, vaso-occlusive disease and thrombotic events |
Histological features | Discontinuous distribution of longitudinal ulcers, aphthous and cobblestone appearance, focal cryptitis and epithelioid granulomas | Mucosal inflammation and ulceration; signs of vasculitis. |
Most involved gender | Female | Male |
Genetic predominant factor | NOD2/CARD15 (16p12-q13), CXCL16 (17p13), STAT6 (12q13), TLR4 (9q33), CARD9 (9q34.3) | HLA-B51 |
Therapy | Systemic corticosteroids 5-ASA/sulfasalazine Thiopurines or AZA/6-MP Anti TNF-α agents Nutritional therapy | Colchicine Systemic corticosteroids Mycophenolate mofetil Cyclophosphamide Thiopurines or AZA/6-MP Anti TNF-α agents |
Surgery | Patients refractory to medical treatment or with complications | Refractory to medical treatment or with complications such as perforations, fistulae formation, and massive gastrointestinal bleeding |