Table 2 RCTs in juvenile arthritis

Field T. et al. (1997) [18]

20

5–15

70

RCT

Relaxation therapy (nightly, parent-guided)

Daily massage

30 days

None

Visual Analogue Scale (0–10) (pain in the last week)

Pre-post difference in relaxation group: 3.5 to 4.2 (+20%; p-value NS)

1

Pre-post difference in massage group: 4.8 to 1.6 (−67%; p < 0.05)

Between group difference of change scores: 3.9 (massage group with greater improvement; p-value not provided)

Lomholt J. et al. (2015) [19]

19

9–14

79

RCT with group randomization

Weekly CBT sessions

Wait-list control

8 weeks

None

Revised Faces Pain Scale (0–10). Higher score implies greater pain.

Pre-post difference in CBT group: 3.1 to 4.1 (+32%; p-value NS)

Functional Disability Inventory (0–60)

Pre-post difference in CBT group: 11.4 to 11.7 (+2.6%; p-value NS)

2

Pre-post difference in control group: 2.7 to 2.7 (0%; p-value NS)

Pre-post difference in control group: 9.8 to 9.2 (−6.1%; p-value NS)

Post-scores between groups adjusted for pre-scores: p-value NS

Between group differences in change scores: 0.9 (control group with greater improvement p-value NS)

Stinson J. et al. (2010) [20]

46

12–18

67

RCT

Internet-based education, relaxation and distraction

Attention control

12 weeks

None

Recalled Pain Inventory (0–10) in past week. Higher score implies greater pain. [24]

Pre-post difference in intervention group; 2.7 to 2.2 (−19%; p-value not provided)

Juvenile

Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ) activity (0–7; higher score implies greater dysfunction)

Pre-post difference in intervention group; 2.4 to 2.0 (−17%; p-value not provided)

2

Pre-post difference in attention control 3.0 to 3.5 (+17%; p-value not provided)

Pre-post difference in attention control 2.7 to 2.3 (−15%; p-value not provided)

Post-score difference adjusted for pre-score significant (favoring intervention group; p = 0.03)

Post-score difference adjusted for pre-score: p-value NS