Table 1 Univariable analysis on APPLE data at baseline to 3 years

Baseline 25(OH)D (ng/mL)

25.9 (18.9, 31.6)

18.7 (15.1, 32.2)

0.266

25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL

52/184 (28.3%)

9/17 (52.9%)

0.034

Minority status: non-Caucasian

113/184 (61.4%)

15/17 (88.2%)

0.028

Age (years)

15.5 (13.7, 17.6)

16.5 (14.5, 18.0)

0.207

Female

153/184 (83.2%)

14/17 (82.4%)

>0.999

SLE duration (months)

23.5 (8.0, 44.5)

25.0 (7.0, 45.0)

0.787

SLEDAI

4.0 (2.0, 6.0)

4.0 (0.0, 8.0)

0.779

History of hypertension

55/178 (30.9%)

10/17 (58.8%)

0.020

History of glomerulonephritis

58/183 (31.7%)

12/17 (70.6%)

0.001

History of nephritis/nephrosis

67/183 (36.6%)

14/17 (82.4%)

<0.001

Corticosteroid use

148/183 (80.9%)

15/17 (88.2%)

0.744

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

99.5 (74, 130.0)

145.5 (88.5, 161.0)

0.050

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

146.0 (124.0, 173.0)

160.5 (145.5, 183.0)f

0.101

C3 (mg/dL)

99.0 (85.0, 122.0)

108.5 (99.5, 115.0)

0.175

C4 (mg/dL)

13.7 (9.0, 19.)

19.3 (15.1, 22.9)

0.017

Baseline Homocysteine (mcmol/L)

6.7 (5.6, 8.7)

6.8 (5.4, 10.0)

0.538

Latitude (°N)

40.7 (37.4, 40.9)

37.4 (36.0, 40.0)

0.004