From: Assessment of musculoskeletal abnormalities in children with mucopolysaccharidoses using pGALS
Manoeuvre tested | pGALS instruction | MPS II (n = 4) |
---|---|---|
Shoulder flexion | Reach arms up | 12/12 (100%) |
Shoulder abduction, external rotation | Hands behind neck | 12/12 (100%) |
Elbow extension | Reach up | 12/12 (100%) |
Wrist flexion | Hands together back to back | 12/12 (100%) |
Wrist extension | Hands palm to palm | 11/11 (100%) |
MCP/DIP/PIP extension | Hands out in front | 12/12 (100%) |
Cervical spine lateral flexion | Touch ear to shoulder | 12/12 (100%) |
MCP, DIP, PIP extension | Hands and wrists together | 11/12 (92%) |
TMJ excursion | Open mouth wide and try to put 3 fingers inside | 10/12 (83%) |
MCP/DIP/PIP flexion | Make a fist | 10/12 (83%) |
Elbow extension | Hands out in front | 9/11 (82%) |
Forearm supination | Turn hand over | 9/11 (82%) |
Ankle dorsiflexion | Walk on heels | 7/9 (78%) |
Neck extension | Look up to the ceiling | 9/12 (75%) |
Gait | Observe patient walking | 7/10 (70%) |
Forward flexion of spine | Bend forwards. Observe curvature of spine from all sides. | 8/12 (67%) |
Opposition of thumb and 3 rd -5 th fingers | Touch tips of fingers with thumb | 8/12 (67%) |
Spinal deformity | 5/9 (56%) | |
Opposition of thumb and index finger | Touch tip of finger with thumb | 5/12 (42%) |
Elbow flexion | Put hands behind neck | 5/12 (42%) |
Knee extension | Bring ankle up to bottom | 4/12 (33%) |
Knee flexion | 7/12 (58%) | |
Ankle plantar flexion | Walk on tip-toes | 2/9 (22%) |
Elbow flexion | Put hands and wrists together | 2/11 (18%) |