Author | Sequence generation/allocation concealment (internal validity) | Blinding of participants, personnel and outcome assessors (internal validity) | Incomplete outcome data (internal validity) | Selective outcome reporting/statistical issues (internal validity) | Interventions (internal validity) | Generalisability (external validity) | Internal validity | External validity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balogh et al., [30] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Al-wahadneh, [31] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Allen et al., [32] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
Beukelman et al., [26] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | High | Low | High |
Cahill et al., [25] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Earley et al., [33] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Eberhard et al., [34] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | High | Low | High |
Eich et al., [35] | N/A | N/A | High | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
Hertzberger-ten Cate et al., [36] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Honkanen et al., [37] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Huppertz et al., [38] | N/A | N/A | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Laurell et al., [24] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
Lepore et al., [39] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Marti et al., [19] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
Papadopoulou et al., [40] | N/A | N/A | Low | High | High | High | Low | High |
Ravelli et al., [41] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
Remedios et al., [42] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Sherry et al., [43] | N/A | N/A | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low |
Sornay-Soares et al., [44] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | High | Low | High |
Verma et al., [45] | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Zulian et al., [46] | N/A | N/A | High | High | High | Low | High | Low |