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Table 2 Risk of bias

From: Sleep problems and associated factors in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review

Author (YR)

Level of risk of bias due to study participation

Level of risk of bias due to study attrition

Level of risk of bias due to prognostic factor measurement

Level of risk of bias due to confounding measurement and account

Level of risk of bias due to analysis

Outcome assessed

Level of risk of bias due to outcome measurement

Zamir (1998) [7]

Low

N/A

Low

High

Low

Sleep fragmentation

Low

Bloom (2002) [25]

Low

N/A

Low

Moderate

Low

CHSQ total score

Low

SSR score

Moderate

Palermo (2005) [26]

Low

N/A

Low

Low

Low

Sleep/Wake Behaviour Problems

Low

Passarelli (2006) [27]

Low

N/A

Low

High

Low

Sleep disorders

Low

Long (2008) [1]

Low

N/A

Low

Low

Low

Sleep disturbance

Low

Ward (2008) [3]

Moderate

N/A

Low

Low

Low

Sleep disturbance

Low

Sleep quality

Low

Ward (2010) [28]

Moderate

N/A

Low

Low

Low

Number of wake bouts

Low

Arousals

Low

Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI)

Low

Butbul Aviel (2011) [29]

Low

N/A

Low

Moderate

Low

CSHQ sleep disturbance

Low

SSR sleep disturbance

Moderate

Ward (2011) [30]

Moderate

N/A

Low

Low

Low

Total Sleep Disturbance score

Low

Bromberg (2012) [31]

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

Sleep quality

Low

  1. *Abbreviations: CHSQ Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, SSR sleep self report. Note. N/A not applicable.