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Table 2 Illness-Related Cognitive Distortions Targeted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

From: Psychosocial perspectives in the treatment of pediatric chronic pain

Child Cognitive Distortions

Parent Cognitive Distortions

Belief that one must restrict activity and involvement until symptoms resolve

Hesitation to promote increased activity and independence

Self-image and confidence in interpersonal relationships

Fear of worsening patient symptoms by encouraging increased function

Acceptability of assertive communication and behavior

Fear of teen relapse leading to overprotection and overreaction to even minor symptoms

Over-emphasis on peer acceptance and “pleasing others”

Belief that patient is “faking” or exaggerating symptoms

Over-dependence on others in order to recover from illness

Future projection of teen failure due to illness

Setting realistic standards for achievement and success

 

Overcoming feelings of invalidation

 

Pessimism regarding future health outcome and personal success